Enzyme Kinetics and Bioenergetics Flashcards
What is the Michaelis-Menten equation?
Vo+ Vmax [S] / Km + [S] Where
𝑉𝑜 is the initial reaction velocity, 𝑆 is substrate concentration, k m is the Michaelis constant, and 𝑉 max is the maximum reaction rate.
What is the difference between competitive and noncompetitive enzyme inhibition?
Competitive inhibition: The inhibitor mimics the substrate and competes for the enzyme’s active site.
Noncompetitive inhibition: The inhibitor binds to a different site, changing the enzyme’s shape and preventing substrate binding.
How does chymotrypsin catalyze peptide bond cleavage?
Chymotrypsin uses its active site (serine 195) to break peptide bonds through a covalent intermediate and acid-base catalysis.
What is bioenergetics?
Bioenergetics describes how living systems capture, transform, and use energy to perform work and stay alive.
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another.
What is the formula for the First Law of Thermodynamics?
ΔE=Q−W
Where Δ𝐸 is the change in internal energy,
Q is the heat added to the system, and
W is the work done by the system.
What is a bomb calorimeter used for?
A bomb calorimeter measures the energy content of foodstuffs by combusting a fixed quantity and measuring the heat released, providing data on enthalpy change.
What is enthalpy (ΔH)?
Enthalpy is a measure of the heat change in a system during a reaction at constant pressure and volume. In biological systems, changes in enthalpy (ΔH) often approximate changes in internal energy (ΔE).
What does ΔG represent in biochemistry?
ΔG (Gibbs free energy) represents the “useful” energy available for work in a biochemical reaction.
How is ΔG calculated?
ΔG=ΔH−TΔS
Where
ΔH is enthalpy change,
T is temperature, and
ΔS is the entropy change.
What does it mean when ΔG<0?
If ΔG<0, the reaction is spontaneous and the reactants will convert into products.
What is entropy (ΔS)?
Entropy is a measure of disorder or the “wasted” energy in a system. It increases in reactions that move toward greater randomness or energy dispersal.
