envs lecture 1

Question 1

what did the modern synthesis do

Answer 1

reconciled Darwin’s ideas about evolution and gregor mendel’s ideas about genetics

Question 2

who is theodosius dobzhanksy

Answer 2

geneticist and evolutionary biologist who did modern synthesis

Question 3

what did dobzhansky say

Answer 3

evolution is not a theory but a fact

Question 4

what else did dobzhansky argue

Answer 4

when we have enough evidence supporting something it becomes a fact

Question 5

what did darwin do for evolution

Answer 5

wasn’t the first person to talk about evolution, just had the theory w/ most support and best explanation

Question 6

what is biological evolution

Answer 6

inherited change in the properties of groups of organisms over the course of generations

Question 7

what is darwin’s ‘descent with modification’

Answer 7

change in gene frequencies over time

Question 8

what is evolution

Answer 8

change in frequencies of alleles over time

Question 9

basically what does evolution involve

Answer 9

inheritance and some kind of change (genetic, morphological, behavioral etc.) being inherited in some way

Question 10

whats up w/ classic peppered moth

Answer 10

moth was only found in light colored form, but cuz of pollution its dark form became popular

Question 11

describe within populations/species

Answer 11

change in gene frequencies b/w generations (e.g. shift in proportion of individuals with dark versus light wing coloration)

Question 12

what kind of change are we talking about when we refer to evolutionary change

Answer 12

change in frequencies of phenotypes/genotypes

Question 13

1st misconception of evolution

Answer 13

evolution and natural selection are the same thing

Question 14

2nd misconception of evolution

Answer 14

individual organisms undergo biological evolution

Question 15

3rd misconception of evolution

Answer 15

evidence for evolution is limited, it is only an unsubstantiated theory

Question 16

4th misconception

Answer 16

evolution occurs within species, but it cannot explain the origin of new species

Question 17

5th misconception

Answer 17

there are not many intermediate fossils identifying transitions between major groups

Question 18

are evolution and natural selection are the same thing

Answer 18

nat selection is a mechanism of evolution (thru which it occurs), but they are NOT the same thing

Question 19

describe evolution and nat selection

Answer 19

evolution is genetic change thru time, but a lot of evolution occurs cuz of natural selection

Question 20

do individual organisms undergo biological evolution?

Answer 20

no, populations/groups of organisms undergo evolution

Question 21

what is change of individual organisms thru lifetime

Answer 21

development

Question 22

what does act on individuals

Answer 22

natural selection

Question 23

nat selection acts on individuals, but what is the actual change on

Answer 23

actual change is on group

Question 24

is evolution an unsubstantiated theory

Answer 24

no; hella evidence like DNA, fossils, etc.

Question 25

examples of evolution happening around us in contemporary time

Answer 25

bacterias w/ antibiotic resistance, insects w/ pesticide resistance, pathogens like HIV switching hosts & changing over time, frequencies of melanic squirrels changing

Question 26

is evolution big or micro change

Answer 26

more of a small microevolutionary change

Question 27

what happens as use of antibiotics increaseses

Answer 27

antibiotic resistance

Question 28

describe evolution and HIV

Answer 28

humans got HIV transmitted to them thru monkeys

Question 29

does evolution occur within species

Answer 29

yeah

Question 30

can evolution explain origin of new species

Answer 30

yes; evidence that NEW species form via evolution

Question 31

examples of new species forming thru evolution

Answer 31

pea aphids, stickleback, mimetic butterflies, blah blah blah

Question 32

is there evidence for intermediate forms

Answer 32

hell yeah; these “missing links” have been found, intermediate forms have been fine

Question 33

intermediate creteacians

Answer 33

whales evolved from land-dwelling organisms, not aquatic organism (share ancestor w/ deer) –> intermediate form

Question 34

why is evolution interesting

Answer 34

morphological, genetic, species diversity; medicine, technology

Question 35

examples of morphological diversity

Answer 35

why do whales have lungs and snakes lack legs

Question 36

what are structures tied to

Answer 36

morphology of common ancestor

Question 37

what is the only explanation for many observed anatomical traits

Answer 37

evolution

Question 38

why do whales have lungs (even tho they live in water) and snakes lack legs (even tho they share ancestor w/ vertebrates)

Answer 38

morphological diversity

Question 39

why do salamanders (axlotl) have 10x more DNA than humans

Answer 39

genetic diversity; we don’t know why, but even tho they have more DNA they don’t have any more genes than humans do

Question 40

why do some groups have more diversity than others

Answer 40

species diversity; why are beetles and ants so diverse?

Question 41

why does butterfly genus charaxes have more species than related species polyura

Answer 41

maybe charaxes speciates more or polyura underwent more extinction

Question 42

why does charaxes have more species than related species

Answer 42

host plant diversity is higher for charaxes, leads to more speciation in that group

Question 43

why is evolution interesting in terms of medicine

Answer 43

how do bacteria, viruses, parasites counter our immune system? how do they evolve resistance? etc/

Question 44

why is evolution interesting in terms of technology

Answer 44

how do insects evolve resistance to pesticideS?