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Environmental Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

BLACK AND BLACK aircraft noise+residents’ hypertension
AIM

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

To see the impact of aircraft noise on health of the community of people

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2
Q

BLACK AND BLACK aircraft noise+residents’ hypertension
2 AUSTRALIAN AREAS

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

Questionnaires mailed to 1500 addresses in 2 areas: Sydney Airport and 55km away from South Penrith

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3
Q

BLACK AND BLACK aircraft noise+residents’ hypertension
RESULT IN NOISE-AFFECTED AREA

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

6.27 annoyance (mean) aircraft noise response

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4
Q

BLACK AND BLACK aircraft noise+residents’ hypertension
HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

Worse in community exposed to aircraft noise

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5
Q

BLACK AND BLACK aircraft noise+residents’ hypertension
QUESTIONNAIRES

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

Health, hypertension, annoyance and extraneous factors

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6
Q

GLASS AND SINGER reasons why noise is stressful
INVESTIGATING

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

After-effects of exposure to noise

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7
Q

GLASS AND SINGER reasons why noise is stressful
TASK

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

Participants carried out simple cognitive tasks

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8
Q

GLASS AND SINGER reasons why noise is stressful
EXPOSED TO A…

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

Recording to stimulate complex noises present in the urban environment

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9
Q

GLASS AND SINGER reasons why noise is stressful
RECORDING DURATION

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

Recording lasted for 25 minutes

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10
Q

GLASS AND SINGER reasons why noise is stressful
3 ASPECTS MANIPULATED

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

Volume, predictability and perceived control

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11
Q

LUNDBERG overcrowding on commuter trains
COLLECTED

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

Urine samples from male passengers

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12
Q

LUNDBERG overcrowding on commuter trains
TRAIN JOURNEY

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

Lasted for 72 minutes

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13
Q

LUNDBERG overcrowding on commuter trains
RESULT

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

More crowded train meant higher levels of adrenaline in urine

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14
Q

LUNDBERG overcrowding on commuter trains
START OF JOURNEY

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

Passengers had lower adrenaline levels

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15
Q

LUNDBERG overcrowding on commuter trains
REASON FOR RESULTS

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

Passengers at beginning of journey got to choose seats- felt like they had control over the situation- lower adrenaline levels

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16
Q

KENRICK+MACFARLANE temperature
AIM

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

How temperature outside impacts our mood + relation to stress

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17
Q

KENRICK+MACFARLANE temperature
PARTICIPANTS

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

75 drivers (16-65) Arizona

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18
Q

KENRICK+MACFARLANE temperature
TRAFFIC LIGHTS

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

Turned green for 12 seconds+ confederate (actor) stays still

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19
Q

KENRICK+MACFARLANE temperature
TEMPERATURE

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

Ranged from 31-46°C

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20
Q

KENRICK+MACFARLANE temperature
RESULTS

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

Temperatures over 100°F (32°C)= 34% participants beeped for 6 seconds of green light interval

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21
Q

ELLIS- Rational Emtoive Therapy (5 stages)
A

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

Acting experience

Eg it feels TOO HOT outside

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22
Q

ELLIS- Rational Emtoive Therapy (5 stages)
B

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

Beliefs are irrational

Eg can’t-stand-it-itis, musterbating, awfulising

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23
Q

ELLIS- Rational Emtoive Therapy (5 stages)
C

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

Consequences

Eg acting irritable

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24
Q

ELLIS- Rational Emtoive Therapy (5 stages)
D

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

Disputing

Therapist disagrees+neutralises patient’s beliefs

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25
Q

ELLIS- Rational Emtoive Therapy (5 stages)
E

Environmental psychology topic 1- stressors in the environment

A

Effects of Therapy

Individual has a new set of beliefs

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26
Q

CZEISLER- rotating shift work schedules improved by applying circadian principles
PARTICIPANTS

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

153 males at Potash production in USA (split into 2 groups)

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27
Q

CZEISLER- rotating shift work schedules improved by applying circadian principles
ROTATING SHIFTS

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

85 workers- sometimes night, sometimes day shifts

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28
Q

CZEISLER- rotating shift work schedules improved by applying circadian principles
FIXED SHIFTS

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

68 workers- always either day or night shifts

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29
Q

CZEISLER- rotating shift work schedules improved by applying circadian principles
PREFERRED SCHEDULE

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

Preferred phase delay- later bedtime

21-day schedule

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30
Q

CZEISLER- rotating shift work schedules improved by applying circadian principles
THE 3 SHIFTS

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

Night shift: midnight-8am
Swing shift: 4pm-midnight
Day shift: 8am-4pm
(ADVANCING SHIFTS)

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31
Q

SIFFRE- living underground
LIVING

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

400 feet below the surface in a cave in French-Italian Alps

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32
Q

SIFFRE- living underground
LIGHT

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

No light except for a light bulb

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33
Q

SIFFRE- living underground
BODY ROUTINE

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

Body followed the daily sleep-wake routine

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34
Q

SIFFRE- living underground
CYCLE

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

Same 24 hour+30 minute cycle

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35
Q

SIFFRE- living underground
SUGGESTED

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

Internal body clock is dependent on natural terrestrial day/night cycle

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36
Q

PRECKEL- German high schools
SAMPLE

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

272 students in 9th+10th grades at 5 German high schools

37
Q

PRECKEL- German high schools
QUESTIONNAIRE+TESTS

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

Given a chronotype questionnaire (lark-owl indicator)+ standardised cognitive test

38
Q

PRECKEL- German high schools
PARENTS

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

132 parents also filled out the questionnaire at home

39
Q

PRECKEL- German high schools
OWL

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

Significant negative predictor of overall GPA

40
Q

PRECKEL- German high schools
CONCLUSION

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

Offers evidence to support schools’ practice in choosing later starts to the day

41
Q

PETER TRIPP- American disc jockey
EXPERIMENT

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

He broadcasted his radio show non-stop and lasted for 201 hours

42
Q

PETER TRIPP- American disc jockey
OCCURANCES

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

Began to hallucinate 5 days in as his brain was in the 90 minute dream cycle

43
Q

PETER TRIPP- American disc jockey
BODY TEMPERATURE+SLEEP

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

Body temperature declined and he slept for 24 hours after

44
Q

PETER TRIPP- American disc jockey
GUILTY

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

Found guilty of taking money from record companies

45
Q

PETER TRIPP- American disc jockey
MARRIAGE

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

All 4 marriages ended in divorce

46
Q

OVERCOMING EFFECTS OF SHIFT WORK OR JET LAG
BODY TEMPERATURE

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

Lowest between 3am and 6am (circadian nadir)

47
Q

OVERCOMING EFFECTS OF SHIFT WORK OR JET LAG
DOCTOR ADVICE

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

Recommended night shift junior doctors take a short restorative nap

48
Q

OVERCOMING EFFECTS OF SHIFT WORK OR JET LAG
POWER NAP

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

20-45 minutes each night to reduce fatigue

49
Q

OVERCOMING EFFECTS OF SHIFT WORK OR JET LAG
RESULTS OF NURSES

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

Critical-care nurses saw 10/13 power nappers saw improved energy, mood etc

50
Q

OVERCOMING EFFECTS OF SHIFT WORK OR JET LAG
MELATONIN PILLS

Environmental psychology topic 2- biological rhythms

A

Hormone in the circadian rhythm- controls (increases) tiredness, can be bought with no prescription

51
Q

LORD- motivating recycling behaviour: quasi investigation of message+ source strategies
SAMPLE

Environmental psychology topic 3- recycling and other conservation behaviours

A

140 households in NE of US (20 people in each message group)

52
Q

LORD- motivating recycling behaviour: quasi investigation of message+ source strategies
QUOTA SAMPLING

Environmental psychology topic 3- recycling and other conservation behaviours

A

Ensure they were representative of the area

53
Q

LORD- motivating recycling behaviour: quasi investigation of message+ source strategies
3 RECYCLING MESSAGES

Environmental psychology topic 3- recycling and other conservation behaviours

A

Positive (personal satisfaction)
Negative (risk to environmernt)
No message

54
Q

LORD- motivating recycling behaviour: quasi investigation of message+ source strategies
QUESTIONNAIRE

Environmental psychology topic 3- recycling and other conservation behaviours

A

Gave the households a questionnaire about recycling, continued observing

55
Q

LORD- motivating recycling behaviour: quasi investigation of message+ source strategies
RESULTS

Environmental psychology topic 3- recycling and other conservation behaviours

A

Significant increase in recycling, positive adverts changed recycling behaviours

56
Q

THE YALE MODEL OF PERSUASION- 4 major factors in persuasive communication
SOURCE

Environmental psychology topic 3- recycling and other conservation behaviours

A

Message is more believable from a credible source

57
Q

THE YALE MODEL OF PERSUASION- 4 major factors in persuasive communication
MESSAGE

Environmental psychology topic 3- recycling and other conservation behaviours

A

Well-educated audience will make a 2 sided argument more effective

58
Q

THE YALE MODEL OF PERSUASION- 4 major factors in persuasive communication
RECIPIENT

Environmental psychology topic 3- recycling and other conservation behaviours

A

Resistant to change if committed to existing position, attitude changes= no strong views

59
Q

THE YALE MODEL OF PERSUASION- 4 major factors in persuasive communication
SITUATION

Environmental psychology topic 3- recycling and other conservation behaviours

A

Messages are most effective when in informal situations

60
Q

BEHAVIOURISM- operant conditioning+social learning theory
PUNISHMENT

Environmental psychology topic 3- recycling and other conservation behaviours

A

Discouraging behaviour

61
Q

BEHAVIOURISM- operant conditioning+social learning theory
REINFORCEMENT

Environmental psychology topic 3- recycling and other conservation behaviours

A

Encouraging behaviour

62
Q

BEHAVIOURISM- operant conditioning+social learning theory
POSITIVE

Environmental psychology topic 3- recycling and other conservation behaviours

A

Adding a stimulus

63
Q

BEHAVIOURISM- operant conditioning+social learning theory
NEGATIVE

Environmental psychology topic 3- recycling and other conservation behaviours

A

Taking away a stimulus

64
Q

BEHAVIOURISM- operant conditioning+social learning theory
SLT

Environmental psychology topic 3- recycling and other conservation behaviours

A

Observation and imitation

65
Q

LUYBEN AND BAILEY- proximity
Location

Environmental psychology topic 3- recycling and other conservation behaviours

A

4 mobile home parks

66
Q

LUYBEN AND BAILEY- proximity
INCREASED?

Environmental psychology topic 3- recycling and other conservation behaviours

A

Number of newspaper recycling facilities available

67
Q

LUYBEN AND BAILEY- proximity
RESULTS

Environmental psychology topic 3- recycling and other conservation behaviours

A

Led to a 52% increase in the recycling of newspapers

68
Q

CIALDINI- social norms
AIM

Environmental psychology topic 3- recycling and other conservation behaviours

A

Encourage 260 hotel guests to reuse towels by using persuasive messages in rooms

69
Q

CIALDINI- social norms
MESSAGE EXAMPLE

Environmental psychology topic 3- recycling and other conservation behaviours

A

“Join your fellow citizens in helping to save the environment”

Led to 41% re-using towels

70
Q

CIALDINI- social norms
CONCLUSION

Environmental psychology topic 3- recycling and other conservation behaviours

A

Implied lots of people do it, therefore most effective

71
Q

CIALDINI- social norms
“PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT”

Environmental psychology topic 3- recycling and other conservation behaviours

A

31% re-used towels

72
Q

CIALDINI- social norms
HOTEL GAIN/ BENEFITS

Environmental psychology topic 3- recycling and other conservation behaviours

A

(Least successful)

20% re-used towels

73
Q

DREWS AND DOIG- evaluation of configural vital signs display for intensive care unit nurses
AIM

Environmental psychology topic 4- ergonomics: human factors

A

To come up with simpler data display, more difficult to miss information

74
Q

DREWS AND DOIG- evaluation of configural vital signs display for intensive care unit nurses
SAMPLE

Environmental psychology topic 4- ergonomics: human factors

A

42 registered nurses with ICU (intensive care unit) experience
25-64 year olds, 69% female

75
Q

DREWS AND DOIG- evaluation of configural vital signs display for intensive care unit nurses
4 PATIENT SCENARIOS

Environmental psychology topic 4- ergonomics: human factors

A

Early sepsis
Septic shock
Pulmonary embolus
Stable

(Nurses gave a verbal evaluation using CVS display)

76
Q

DREWS AND DOIG- evaluation of configural vital signs display for intensive care unit nurses
RESULTS

Environmental psychology topic 4- ergonomics: human factors

A

Nurses identified patient’s state 48% quicker with the CVS display

77
Q

DREWS AND DOIG- evaluation of configural vital signs display for intensive care unit nurses
CVS DETECTION

Environmental psychology topic 4- ergonomics: human factors

A

CVS allowed detection of subtle changes quicker than traditional monitoring

78
Q

BROWN AND POULTON- secondary task performance
LOCATIONS

Environmental psychology topic 4- ergonomics: human factors

A

Participants drove in either a residential area or a shopping centre car park

79
Q

BROWN AND POULTON- secondary task performance
TASK

Environmental psychology topic 4- ergonomics: human factors

A

Number sequence was played and they had to identify the changed number each time

80
Q

BROWN AND POULTON- secondary task performance
RESULTS

Environmental psychology topic 4- ergonomics: human factors

A

More errors made in the shopping centre car park- COGNITIVE OVERLOAD

81
Q

BROWN AND POULTON- secondary task performance
CONCLUSION

Environmental psychology topic 4- ergonomics: human factors

A

Needed lots of attention when driving (primary task)

82
Q

BROWN AND POULTON- secondary task performance
FOCUS

Environmental psychology topic 4- ergonomics: human factors

A

Drivers had less mental capacity to focus on the secondary/ less important task

83
Q

HAWTHORNE- the Hawthorne studies
LOCATION

Environmental psychology topic 4- ergonomics: human factors

A

3 groups of women in the Hawthorne Plant Factory

84
Q

HAWTHORNE- the Hawthorne studies
AIM

Environmental psychology topic 4- ergonomics: human factors

A

To see if lighting (bright or dim) increased/ decreased production

85
Q

HAWTHORNE- the Hawthorne studies
CONTROL GROUP

Environmental psychology topic 4- ergonomics: human factors

A

Kept the lighting the same

86
Q

HAWTHORNE- the Hawthorne studies
RESULTS

Environmental psychology topic 4- ergonomics: human factors

A

All 3 groups increased production by 30% (overall)

87
Q

HAWTHORNE- the Hawthorne studies
REASON FOR RESULTS

Environmental psychology topic 4- ergonomics: human factors

A

Increased productivity when they knew they were being watched- The Hawthorne Effect

88
Q

STONE- colour
AIM

Environmental psychology topic 4- ergonomics: human factors

A

Researched how a person’s ability to study is affected by the design of the room

Psychology (5 decks)

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