Environmental methods of social control unit 4 Flashcards
What does CPTED stand for?
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
What are the 5 features of CPTED?
Surveillance
Access
Territoriality
Physical maintenance
Order maintenance
What is CPTED based on?
CPTED is based on the idea that crime partially results from the opportunities presented by the physical environment so by altering this environment, crime is less likely to occur.
According to CPTED what 3 ways can crime be reduced?
Creating open spaces with strong lighting to provide visibility.
A lack of hiding spaces to enable people to see around the places such as corners and blind spots.
Low-level bushes allowing a clear visible site line.
What case links to CPTED?
The murder of Damiola Taylor. He was murdered in a closed stairwell . Closed stairwells result in low-level visibility and easy access and escape.
Strengths of CPTED: (6)
Promotes a sense of ownership.
Brown and Altman (1981) found that physical modifications suggested resident care and watchfulness which helps to promote safer residential settings.
Reduces crime because of visibility.
Lack of hiding places.
Statistics show fewer crime in low-level buildings.
Boundary maintenance is achieved.
Weaknesses of CPTED: (4)
Not all crimes are committed in hidden places.
Visibility doesn’t deter some people from committing a crime.
Not all crimes can be prevented by CPTED, for example, domestic violence.
Crimes might not be prevented but displaced.
What are gated lanes?
Gates that are instilled at the entrance of alleyways in order to deter burglars and other criminals from using them to gain unlawful access from the rear of houses.
Positives of gated lanes:
Gives residents the feeling that they can reclaim their streets.
Reduction in crime due to a lack of access.
Improves some features of CPTED.
Reduction in crime due to visibility.
Reduce rubbish dumping.
Stops people going in unauthorised areas.
Weaknesses of gated lanes:
Expensive - 1 gate can cost up to £4,000 so some people think that it’s too costly to justify.
Only tackles a small amount of anti-social behaviour.
Ugly.
Lanes can no longer be used as short cuts.
What are the 2 types of prison design?
Panoptican and supermax jail
What does panoptican mean?
Panoptican means all-seeing
What is the concept of a panoptican prison?
The concept of a panoptican prison design it to allow an observer to view all prisoners without the prisoners being able to tell if they’re being watched.
There is a tower in the middle of the prison for guards to stand that allow them to see all cells.
What are supermax jails?
Supermax jails are the most secure level of imprisonment.
The objective is to provide long-term, segregated housing for prisoners who represent the highest security threat.
Prisoners are isolated for 23 hours a day.
Strengths of prison design: (4)
Panoptican prison design create a sense of permanent visibility that ensures the functioning of power.
Fear of punishment.
Creates a sense of further retribution.
People are more likely to behave if they’re being watched all of the time.
