Environmental Health Flashcards
At a constant pressure, hot air______ than cold air
(a) is more dense
(b) is less dense
(c) has more vapor
(d) has less vapor
(b) is less dense
What place experiences the greatest seasonal variability in temperature?
(a) The North Atlantic Ocean
(b) Central Canada
(c) Costa Rica, Central America
(d) Mumbai, India.
(b) Central Canada
If Earth had no greenhouse gases, the planet would be_____ ?
(a) Too hot to support life.
(b) Cooler but still able to support life.
(c) Too cold to support complex life.
(d) It depends on the species of aerosol in the GHG-free atmosphere.
(c) Too cold to support complex life.
During the physical treatment process of wastewater, what is the correct order of following operations to be followed?
(a) flocculation
(b) filtration
(c) screening
(d) sedimentation
Choose the correct answer from the following options:
1-(a),(d),(b), (c)
2-(c),(d),(a), (b)
3-(b),(d),(a),(c)
4-(b),(c),(d),(a)
2-(c),(d),(a), (b)
Consider the following tertiary treatment methods for treatment of waste water:
(a) ion-exchange method
(b) reverse osmosis
(c) chemical oxidation method
(d) activated sludge process
Which of the above methods are correct?
1-1,2,and 4
2-1,3 and 4
3-2,3 and 4
4-1,2 and 3
4-1,2 and 3
Which one of the following is a hygienic way of disposing solid waste and is more suitable if the waste contains more hazardous material and organic content?
(a) composting
(b) incineration
(c) oxidation
(d) subgrading
(b) incineration
The optimum growth of bacteria occurs in soil that is:
(a) acidic
(b) alkali
(c) neutral to slightly alkaline
(d) slightly acidic to neutral
(c) neutral to slightly alkaline
What phenomenon occurs due to the accumulation of certain pollutants that increase in concentration along the food chain?
(a) eutrophication
(b) pollution
(c) deforestation
(d) biomagnification
(d) biomagnification
Agrochemical waste mainly causes which kind of pollution?
(a) soil
(b) water
(c) air
(B) water
Which of the following is a cyclic and zero waste procedure?
(a) radioactive waste management
(b) oil-spill cleaning
(c) integrated organic farming
(d) reduction in thermal heat
(c) integrated organic farming
Sanitary/municipal fills and waste heaps are unavoidably hazardous due to
(a) leachates
(b) emanating gases
(c) rodents and wandering animals
(d) plastic lining breakdown
1- 1 and 4
2- 1 and 2
3- 2 and 3
4- 3 and 4
2- 1 and 2
Which of the following is the common indicator organism used in the evaluation of wastewater?
a) Total coliform b) Fecal coliform c) Algae d) E. coli
b) Fecal coliform
Consider the diurnal (daily) cycle of temperature at the surface. Why is the temperature maximum in the mid-to-late afternoon?
(a) There is a net energy gain at the surface from dawn to midafternoon.
(b) Clouds form in mid-to-late afternoon, cutting down the solar heating and cooling the surface.
(c) The intensity of solar radiation is at a maximum at this time.
(d) Late in the day, evaporation from the surface increases and this cools the surface.
(a) There is a net energy gain at the surface from dawn to midafternoon.
Why are there winds?
(a) Because air flows down-hill.
(b) Because of temperature differences.
(c) Because air flows from high density to low density.
(d) Because air flows along isobars.
(b) Because of temperature differences.
The gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect on Earth are, in order of greatest to smallest in importance,
(a) CO2, H20, CH4
(b) H20, CO2, CH4
(c) CH4, CO2, H20
(d) H20, CH4, CO2
(b) H20, CO2, CH4
A toxic substance produced by biological system is specially referred to as a ——
a) toxicant b) toxin c) xenobiotic d) poison
b) toxin
The phrase that best defines “toxicodynamics” is the—
a) linkage between exposure and dose b) linkage between dose and response c) dynamic nature of toxic effects among various species d) dose range between desired biological effects and adverse health effects e) loss of dynamic hearing range due to a toxic exposure
b) linkage between dose and response
The most common target organ of acute toxicity is the —-
a) heart b) lung c) CNS (brain and spinal cord) d) skin
c) CNS (brain and spinal cord)
the organs least involved in systemic toxicity are —
a) brain and peripheral nerves b) muscle and bone c) liver and kidney d) hematopoietic system and lungs
b) muscle and bone
The use of antitoxin in the treatment of snakebite is an example of ——
a) dispositional antagonism b) chemical antagonism c) receptor antagonism d) functional antagonism
b) chemical antagonism
You are called to set up a small animal emergency animal shelter in response to a disaster. The local jurisdiction gives you an enclosed building at the county fairgrounds, kennels, donated food, and volunteer help from the county jail. What consideration(s) do you need to have in setting up the shelter?
a) Separation of species
b) Airflow through the building
c) Separation of animals based on risk
d) B and C
e) All of the above
e) All of the above
Smaller ambient air particles (< 10 μm) are more of a health concern than larger ambient air particles (> 10 μm).
True False
True
Which one of the following statements concerning aflatoxins is NOT correct?
a) Aflatoxins are potent carcinogens and liver toxins and constitute a potential threat to human as well as animal health
b) Aflatoxin B1 and B2 are converted to M1 and M2 toxins in milk
c) There is a direct correlation between aflatoxins levels in feed and the resulting aflatoxin levels in milk.
d) Aflatoxins will be found in milk for several weeks after the toxin is eliminated from the diet.
e) Removing cracked kernels, “fines”, weed seeds, storage below 14% moisture, and regular aeration significantly lower or prevent aflatoxin buildup in stored grain.
d) Aflatoxins will be found in milk for several weeks after the toxin is eliminated from the diet.
While checking animals in an emergency animal shelter during a wildfire evacuation, you observe a Blue Heeler that is reported to be coughing and sneezing regularly. Which of the following are on your differential list?
a) Parvo
b) Distemper
c) Toxin Exposure
d) Smoke Exposure
e) Collapsing trachea
b) Distemper
c) Toxin Exposure
d) Smoke Exposure
Which of the following are included in disaster preparedness?
a) Improve emergency response capacity and effectiveness
b) Rescuing animals that were unable to be evacuated
c) Helping victims receive aid to rebuild
d) Maintaining ICS structure for the duration of the deployment
a) Improve emergency response capacity and effectiveness
Which legislation mandates that disaster relief plans account for the needs of individuals with household pets and service animals?
a) Stafford Act
b) Katrina Act
c) PETS Act
d) Disaster Relief Act
c) PETS Act
CITES is:
a) An act protecting cities from threatened ecosystems
b) An international treaty regulating trade in threatened and endangered wildlife and plants
c) A resource for first responders to learn more about toxins during disasters
d) The Committee on Indian Toxicants Entering Seas
b) An international treaty regulating trade in threatened and endangered wildlife and plants
Toxins can be on the Federal Select Agent Registry
True False
True
Where might VOCs be found?
a) Disinfectants
b) Flood waters
c) Frozen meats
d) A and B
d) A and B
What are the components of the hierarchy of controls? Which parts are most effective? Least effective?
