Environmental Engineering Flashcards
A sanitary landfill is 210,000 square meters in area and 2 m deep. The daily loading of garbage is 800m3/day. What is the life at the landfill in years if the garbage is compacted in the landfill with twice its loading density?
A. 3 years
B. 13.3 years
C. 2.88 years
D. 16.3 years
C. 2.88 years
The ionic strength of 0.1 M solution of ferrous sulfate is
A. 0.75
B. 0.50
C. 1.50
D. 0.40 M
D. 0.40 M
Determine the equivalent weight of the following: Ca2+, CO32- and CaCO3
A. 20, 30 and 50 g/equi
B. 20, 40 and 50 g/equi
C. 20, 30 and 60 g/equi
D. 20, 40 and 60 g/equ
A. 20, 30 and 50 g/equi
How many milligrams per liter as CaCO3 is equivalent to 83 mg/L as Ca2+?
A. 200 mg/L
B. 156 mg/L
C. 168 mg/L
D. 95.3 mg/L
B. 156 mg/L
How many milligrams per liter as CaCO3 is equivalent to 220 mg/L as HCO3-?
A. 148 mg/L
B. 156 mg/L
C. 168 mg/L
D. 180 mg/L
D. 180 mg/L
Water from city well is analyzed and is found to contain 20 mg/L as substance of HCO3- and 40 mg/L as substance CO3-2. What is the alkalinity of this water in mg/L as CaCO3?
A. 75.7
B. 83.2
C. 89.7
D. 150 mg/L
B. 83.2
A water contains 100 mg/L CO3 and 75 mg/L HCO3 at a pH of 10 (T=25°C). Calculate the exact alkalinity (as mg CaCO3/L). Approximate the alkalinity by ignoring the appropriate chemical species.
A. 233 mg/L
B. 200 mg/L
C. 190 mg/L
D. 150 mg/L
A. 233 mg/L
Glutamic acid (C5H9O4N) is used as one of the reagents for a standard to check the BOD test. Determine the theoretical oxygen demand of 150 mg/L of glutamic acid. Assume the following reaction apply
C5H9O4N + 4.5O2 → 5CO2 + 3H2O + NH3
NH3 + 2O2 → NO3- + H+ +H2O
A. 18 mg/L
B. 190 mg/L
C. 198 mg/L
D. 212 mg/L
D. 212 mg/L
A 10mL sample of sewage mixed with enough water to fill a 300-mL bottle has an initial DO of 9 mg/L. To help assure an accurate test, it is desirable to have at least a 2 mg/L drop in DO during the five-day run, and the final DO should be at least 2 mg/L. for what range of BODs would this dilution produce the desired results? (unseeded five-day BOD test)
A. 60-210 mg/L
B. 100-200 mg/L
C. 60-150 mg/L
D. 120-210 mg/L
A. 60-210 mg/L
A test bottle containing just seeded dilution water has its DO level rop by 1.0 mg/L in a five-day test. A 300-mL BOD bottle filled with 15 mL of wastewater and the rest seeded dilution water (sometimes expressed as a dilution of 1:20) experiences a drop of 7.2 mg/L in the same time period. What is the five day BOD of the waste? (a seeded BOD test)
A. 144 mg/L
B. 125 mg/L
C. 210 mg/L
D. 300 mg/L
B. 125 mg/L
If the five-day BOD of a waste is 220 mg/L and the ultimate BOD is 320 mg/L, what is the rate constant?
A. 0.142/day
B. 0.178/day
C. 0.210/day
D. 0.233/day
D. 0.233/day
A sample of municipal sewage is diluted to 1% by volume prior to running a five-day BOD test. After 5 days, the oxygen consumption is determined to be 2 mg/L. what is the five-day BOD of the sewage?
A. 200 mg/L
B. 220 mg/L
C. 240 mg/L
D. 300 mg/L
A. 200 mg/L
If the 3-day BOD(BOD2) of a waste is 75 mg/L and the BOD decay constant, k1 is 0.345/day, what is the ultimate BOD?
A. 100 mg/L
B. 110 mg/L
C. 116 mg/L
D. 130 mg/L
C. 116 mg/L
Calculate the length of a chlorinating pipe line with diameter of 0.6 m require to kill 95% of the bacteria in waste water flowing at 0.05 cu. m/s. Tests shows that 95.33% kill is obtained in 5 minutes when treated with 5 mg/L Chlorine. Chlorine disinfection kinetics is given by the equation:dC/dt = kCt1.5 where C = a number of bacteria. Assume that the same concentration of chlorine is used in actual treatment operation.
A. 25.36 m
B. 32.5 m
C. 52.63 m
D. 56.23 m
C. 52.63 m
A surface water primarily for contact recreation such as bathing, etc.
A. Class A
B. Class SA
C. Class B
D. Class AA
C. Class B
The gas from sludge digestion tanks is mainly composed of
A. Nitrogen
B. carbon monoxide
C. hydrogen sulfide
D. methane
D. methane
A 6 mL wastewater sample is diluted by 294 ml water. If the initial dissolved oxygen is 9.1 mg/L and after 5 days is 2.8 mg/L, calculate its BOD.
A. 280 mg/L
B. 400 mg/L
C. 315 mg/L
D. 420 mg/L
C. 315 mg/L
A 5 ml wastewater sample was analyzed for its BOD content using the standard BOD test. Initial and fifth day dissolved oxygen was measured as 7.5 mg/L and 2.5 mg/L respectively. What is the BOD of this sample?
A. 30
B. 210
C. 150
D. 800
D. 800
Compute the theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) of 108.75 mg/L of glucose?
A. 116 mg/L
B. 125 mg/L
C. 174 mg/L
D.150 mg/L
A. 116 mg/L
Alum, a coagulant of water, is
A. aluminum sulfate
B. sodium hydroxide
C. ferrous sulfate
D. magnesium sulfate
A. aluminum sulfate
Ozone, O3, filters out large amount of the ultraviolet and other dangerous radiations from the sun. It is found in the
A. troposphere
B. stratosphere
C. thermosphere
D. lithosphere
B. stratosphere
Which of the following are major components of photochemical smog?
A. NOx and hydrocarbon
B. Sox and hydrocarbon
C. ozone and oxygen
D. NOx, Sox and hydrocarbon
A. NOx and hydrocarbon
A wastewater contains 10 ppm of chloride ions, how many mg/L is it?
A. 10
B. 14
C. 30
D. 20
A. 10
The mass ratio of nitrogen to oxygen in air is
A. 3.77
B. 3.12
C. 4.12
D. 3.29
D. 3.29
In the National Standard of Drinking Water, the maximum allowable chlorine content is 0.2 ppm. What is the equivalent concentration in mg/L?
A. 20
B. 0.2
C. 100
D. 200
B. 0.2
What is found in hard water?
A. calcium, phosphorus and magnesium
B. calcium and magnesium
C. phosphorus and magnesium
D. calcium and phosphorus
B. calcium and magnesium
Calculate the “exact” alkalinity (in milligrams per liter as CaCO3) of water containing 120 mg/L of bicarbonate ion and 15 mg/L of carbonate ion, at a pH of 9.43.
A. 110.5 mg/L
B. 116.2mg/L
C. 123.4 mg/L
D. 128.9 mg/L
C. 123.4 mg/L
It is the term used to describe the over-abundance in the growth of algae in water due to the presence of excess nutrients.
A. eutrophication
B. biodegradation
C. stabilization
D. decomposition
A. eutrophication
A type microorganism used for monitoring the pathogenic property of water.
A. Acidity
B. Coliform
C. hardness
D. dissolved oxygen
B. Coliform
This phenomenon is described by the separation of hot and cold regions in a given stream.
A. Eutrophication
B. digestion
C. thermal stratification
D. decomposition
C. thermal stratification
The hardness of water is expressed as g/L of?
A. CaO
B. MgO
C. CaCO3
D. MgCO3
C. CaCO3
Which compound gives a foul (rotten egg) odor?
A. Hydrogen sulfide
B. carbon monoxide
C. methane
D. carbon dioxide
A. Hydrogen sulfide
How many milligrams per liter as CaCO3 is equivalent to 48 mg/L as CO2?
A. 98.5 mg/L
B. 102.4 mg/L
C. 109.2 mg/L
D. 112.4 mg/L
C. 109.2 mg/L
A 5-mL wastewater sample was analyzed for its BOD content using the standard BOD test. Initial and fifth day dissolved oxygen was measured as 7.5 and 4 respectively. What is the BOD of this sample?
A. 30
B. 150
C. 210
D. 300
C. 210
A 5-mL wastewater sample was analyzed for its BOD content using the standard BOD test. Initial and fifth day dissolved oxygen was measured as 7.5 and 2.5 respectively. What is the BOD of this sample?
B. 30
B. 150
C. 210
D. 300
D. 300
The BOD rate constant is 0.233/day for a municipal wastewater. The BOD5, was measured to be 250 mg/L. What is the ultimate BOD?
A. 320 mg/L
B. 345 mg/L
C.357 mg/L
D. 363 mg/L
D. 363 mg/L
Which of the following is a toxic heavy metal discharge from industrial operations involving plating and metal finishing?
A. Hexavalent chromium
B. spent acids
C. septic waste
D. scrap metals
A. Hexavalent chromium
A sanitary landfill has available space of 16.2 ha at an average depth of 10 m. Seven hundred sixty five m3 of solid waste is dumped at the site 5 days a week. This waste is compacted to twice its delivered density. Estimate the expected life of the landfill in years.
A. 15 yrs
B. 16.25 yrs
C. 17.10 yrs
D. 17.80 yrs
B. 16.25 yrs
The ionic strength of 0.1 M solution of ferric sulfate is
A. 0.75
B. 0.50
C. 1.50
D. 0.25
C. 1.50
A wastewater had an ultimate BOD of 300 m/L. At 20ºC, five-day BOD was 200 mg/L and the reaction rate constant was 0.22/day. What would be the five-day BOD of this waste be at 25 ºC?
A. 225 mg/L
B. 240 mg/L
C. 280 mg/L
D. 180 mg/L
A. 225 mg/L
Water softener are used
A. To remove te impurities of water
B. To increases ductility
C. to remove the hardness of water
D. to decrease conductivity
C. to remove the hardness of water
Finely divided amorphous carbon particles produced by the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon.
A. Diamond
B. fullerenes
C. carbon black
D. emulsion
C. carbon black
Permanent hardness of is due to the presence of
A. Sulfates and chlorides of sodium and potassium
B. Calcium bicarbonate
C. Sulfates and chlorides of calcium and magnesium
D. Nitrates of Na and K
C. Sulfates and chlorides of calcium and magnesium
The dilution factor P for an unseeded mixture of waste and water is 0.030. The DO of the mixture is initially 9.0 mg/L, and after five days it has dropped to 3.0 mg/L. The reaction rate constant k has been found to be 0.22/day. What is the five-day BOD of the waste?
A. 200 mg/L
B. 220 mg/L
C. 250 mg/L
D. 300 mg/L
A. 200 mg/L
The dilution factor P for an unseeded mixture of waste and water is 0.030. The DO of the mixture is initially 9.0 mg/L, and after five days it has dropped to 3.0 mg/L. The reaction rate constant k has been found to be 0.22/day. What would be the ultimate carbonaceous BOD?
A. 250 mg/L
B. 300 mg/L
C. 280 mg/L
D. 310 mg/L
B. 300 mg/L
The dilution factor P for an unseeded mixture of waste and water is 0.030. The DO of the mixture is initially 9.0 mg/L, and after five days it has dropped to 3.0 mg/L. The reaction rate constant k has been found to be 0.22/day. What would be the ultimate carbonaceous BOD?
A. 200 mg/L
B. 300 mg/L
C. 100 mg/L
D. 250 mg/L
C. 100 mg/L
The biological decomposition of organic matter accompanied by the production of foul smelling products in an anaerobic condition is
A. Pollution
B. dissolution
C. stabilization
D. putrefaction
D. putrefaction
How many milligrams per liter as CaCO3 is equivalent to 27 mg/L as Mg2+?
A. 111.2 mg/L
B. 118.9 mg/L
C. 124.3 mg/L
D. 132.5 mg/L
A. 111.2 mg/L
How many milligrams per liter as CaCO3 is equivalent to 15 mg/L as CO32-?
A. 25 mg/L
B. 28 mg/L
C. 30 mg/L
D. 33 mg/L
A. 25 mg/L
A wastewater contains 10 ppm of chloride ions, how many mg/L is it?
A. 10
B. 14
C. 30
D. 20
A. 10
A sanitary landfill is 21 hectares and 10 m deep. The daily loading of garbage is 850m3/day. What is the life of the landfill in years if the garbage is compacted in the landfill with twice its loading density?
A. 16 years
B. 19.0 years
C. 13.5 years
D. 16.3 years
C. 13.5 years
Calculate the “exact” alkalinity of water that contains 0.658 mg/L of bicarbonate, as the ion, at a pH of 5.66?
A. 0.4302 mg/L
B. 0.7854 mg/L
C. 1.4357 mg/L
D. 2.3008 mg/L
A. 0.4302 mg/L
Ozone is important to mankind because it
A. Releases hydrogen in the atmosphere
B. Creates a protective coverage against ultraviolet rays
C. Maintains the temperature of the earth
D. Releases oxygen in the air
B. Creates a protective coverage against ultraviolet rays
Ozone is all of the following except
A. Bleaching agent
B. Oxidizing agent
C. less soluble in water than oxygen
D. disinfectant
C. less soluble in water than oxygen
What is found in hard water?
A. calcium, phosphorus and magnesium
B. calcium and magnesium
C. phosphorus and magnesium
D. calcium and phosphorus
B. calcium and magnesium
The gas from the sludge digestion tanks is mainly composed of
A. Nitrogen
B. carbon monoxide
C. hydrogen sulfide
D. methane
D. methane
A criteria pollutant responsible for the reddish brown color of smog.
A. NO2
B. particulates
C. CO
D. SO2
A. NO2
A waste treatment process by which biologically active growths are continuously circulated with incoming biodegradable waste in the presence of oxygen is
A. Activated sludge process
B. Agitation process
C. stabilization process
D. trickling filter process
A. Activated sludge process
What class of freshwater supply requires complete treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection) in order to meet the National Standard for Drinking Water.
A. Class AA
B. Class A
C. Class B
D. Class C
B. Class A
Which of the following is a physical method of water treatment?
A. Sedimentation
B. activated sludge process
C. precipitation
D. chlorination
A. Sedimentation
Trace metal that causes the Minamata disease.
A. Hg
B. Cd
C. Pb
D. Cu
A. Hg
apanese word meaning “ouch ouch” and is caused by exposure to Cadmium.
A. Chicken pox
B. itay-itay
C. mud cow disease
D. SARS
B. itay-itay
The biological decomposition of organic matter accompanied by the production of foul smelling products in an anaerobic condition is
A. Pollution
B. dissolution
C. stabilization
D. putrefaction
D. putrefaction
Tertiary treatment of wastewater include the following, except
A. Adsorption
B. reverse osmosis
C. ion exchange
D. filtration
D. filtration
The source that gives the highest % CO and NOx emission to the atmosphere.
A. Transportation facilities
B. Stationary source
C. Industrial plant excluding stationary source
D. Natural sources such as fire and volcanic eruptions
A. Transportation facilities
A criteria pollutant responsible for the reddish brown color of smog.
A. NO2
B. particulates
C. CO
D. SO2
A waste treatment process by which biologically active growths are continuously circulated with incoming biodegradable waste in the presence of oxygen is
A. Activated sludge process
B. Agitation process
C. stabilization process
D. trickling filter process
A. Activated sludge process
It is the total uptake of chemicals by an organism from food items (benthos, fish prey, sediment ingestion, etc…) as well as mass transport of dissolved chemicals through the gills and epithelium.
A. Bioaccumulation
B. biomagnification
C. bioconcentration
D. partition
A. Bioaccumulation
Unlike the other pollutants, the photochemical oxidants result entirely from atmospheric reactions and are not direct emissions from either people or nature; thus, they are called .
A. Primary pollutants
B. Secondary pollutants
C. stationary source
D. tertiary pollutants
B. Secondary pollutants
Which of the following is a hydrate?
A. Na2SO4∙7H2O
B. Na2SO4 + 5H2O
C. CaSO4, anhydrous
D. 7H2O
A. Na2SO4∙7H2O
“Hard” water can be soften by
A. Letting the calcium or magnesium ions settle out
B. Passing it through an ion exchanger
C. chlorination
D. filtration
B. Passing it through an ion exchanger
What effect can the presence of a large amount of biodegradable organic materials in water have?
A. It decomposes endothermically, causing the temperature of the water to decrease below the limits within which most aquatic organisms can live
B. It causes oxygen depletion in the water
C. It rises to the surface and absorbs light from the wavelengths needed by the aquatic plants
D. It causes the death of bottom-dwelling organisms because it agglutinates and settles to the bottom, poisoning the bottom-dwelling organisms
B. It causes oxygen depletion in the water
Which one of the following substances found in the atmosphere will absorb radiation in the infrared portion of the spectrum?
A. O2
B. Ar
C. N2
D. CO2
D. CO2
Which of the following does not result in the formation of acid rain?
A. Nitrogen dioxide
B. nitrogen monoxide
C. carbon dioxide
D. methane
D. methane
If you add 30 g of calcite (CaCO3) to a 1 L volumetric flask and brin the final volume to 1 L, what would be concentration of calcium (Ca2+) in solution? Assume the calcium in the solution is in equilibrium with CaCO3 (s) and the temperature of the solution is 25ºC. The pKs for calcite is 8.48.
A. 5.75 E-5 M
B. 5.75 E-6
C. 2.10 E-4
D. 2.10 E-6
A. 5.75 E-5 M
A waste is being discharged into a river that has a temperature of 10ºC. What fraction of the maximum oxygen consumption has occurred in 4 days if the BOD rate constant, k, determined in the laboratory under standard conditions is 0.115/day? (Note: all rates constant are base e.)
A. 0.06
B. 0.12
C. 0.32
D. 0.73
B. 0.12
The BOD of a wastewater sample is estimated to be 180 mg/L. What volume of undiluted sample should be added to a 300-ml bottle? Assume that 4 mg/L BOD can be consumed in the BOD bottle.
A. 6.7 ml
B. 9.2 ml
C. 12.1 ml
D. 15.1 ml
Of the following substances, which one requires the shortest wavelength for photoionization?
A. O2
B. O
C. N2
D. N
A. O2
Which of the following accurately describes the atmosphere?
A. Temperature decreases in a regular way with increasing altitude
B. Temperature increases in a regular way with increasing altitude
C. Pressure increases in a regular way with increasing altitude
D. Pressure decreases in a regular way with increasing altitude
D. Pressure decreases in a regular way with increasing altitude
Why is rainwater acidic even when there is no sulfur trioxide present?
A. Dissolved hydrocarbons cause the acidity
B. Dissolved carbon dioxide causes the acidity
C. Water always is acidic
D. Automobile emissions cause the increase in acidity
B. Dissolved carbon dioxide causes the acidity
Which ions lead to hard water?
A. Mg2+
B. Ca2+
C. Mg2+ and Ca2+
D. OH-
C. Mg2+ and Ca2+
The destruction of an enzymes catalytic power by changing its molecular structure is
A. Hydrolysis
B. sypsis
C. lyasis
D. denaturation
D. denaturation
An enzyme present in soybeans which converts urea quantitatively into ammonium carbonate.
A. Diastase
B. zymase
C. maltase
D. urease
D. urease
Which of the following enzymes gives flavor in cheese?
A. Lactose
B. lipase
C. invertase
D. amylase
B. lipase
Bacteria which converts alcoholic solution to vinegar is
A. Coli
B. bacilli
C. acetobacters
D. proteins
C. acetobacters
Which of the following is a biological catalyst and it is a protein?
A. Hormones
B. enzymes
C. vitamins
D. nucleotides
B. enzymes
An enzyme is a
A. Deoxyribose
B. lipid
C. protein
D. ribose
C. protein
The storehouse of energy in the cell is
A. ATP
B. nucleus
C. cell membrane
D. DNA
A. ATP
During fermentation, the final products formed are CO2, and either lactic acid or
A. Water
B. glucose
C. alcohol
D. riboflavin
C. alcohol
A hormones that enables the cells to utilize glucose is
A. Gastrin
B. insulin
C. testosterone
D. cortisone
B. insulin
Tobacco smoke contains
A. Caffeine
B. nicotine
C. niacin
D. morphine
B. nicotine
Rod-shaped bacteria are called
A. Bacilli
B. spirilla
C. cocci
D. streptococci
A. Bacilli
Bacteria may survive unfavorable conditions by
A. Splitting in half
B. forming spores
C. forming bacteriophage
D. forming flagella
B. forming spores
Penicillin was discovered by
A. Ehrlich
B. Fleming
C. Waksman
D. Koch
B. Fleming
What is the total number of carbon atoms in molecule of glycerol?
A. 1
B. 3
C. 2
D. 4
B. 3
Codons provide the code for synthesizing
A. Proteins
B. DNA
C. tRNA
D. rRNA
A. Proteins
Gelatin came from
A. Carbohydrates
B. tannin
C. molasses
D. collagen
D. collagen
Which of the following is the other name of vitamin C?
A. Prussic acid
B. ascorbic acid
C. riboflavin
D. folic acid
B. ascorbic acid
Steroids which plays an important role in biological reactions is a/an
A. Enzyme
B. catalyst
C. hormone
D. protein
C. hormone