Environmental Chemistry Review

Question 1

What is LD50 and how do you read a chart to determine toxicity?

Answer 1

• the dose of a chmical that will kill 50% of the population
• each LD50 is expressed in parts per million within the human body, an LD50 does not refer to parts per million in the environment or in materials ingested by humans

Question 2

What is realeased due to photosynthesis?

Answer 2

-nitrogen?

Question 3

How would you reduce the amount of nitrogen in the soil?

Answer 3

• adding phoshorus and pottasium

Question 4

What is the process of cellular respiration?

Answer 4

Process of organisms that combine with molecules and relaease waste products

Question 5

What is the difference between fungicide, pesticide, insecticide

Answer 5

• fungicide is a chemical that destroys fungus
• a pesticide is a substanceused to kill organisms and insects harmful to the environment
• Insecticide is a substance used to kill insects

Question 6

What are biological indicators and what do they tell us?

Answer 6

• they are organisms that live in either clean or polluted waters, and are used to tell if water is polluted or not

Question 7

What are the most useful organisms for water quility?

Answer 7

• microinverterbrates

Question 8

How do you tell if a liquid is acidic, basic or neutral?

Answer 8

• ph paper lower than 7 is acidic, higher than 7 is basic, and exactly 7 neutral

Question 9

Differenciate which fossil fuels are dangerous or not

Answer 9

• fossil fuels become dangerous when they create pollution in air, water or create global warning
  Example oil can create air and water pollution from mixing water sand and chemicals
  Coal can pollute ecosystems when mining for it. ( worst)
  Natural gas can cause air and water pollution( safest)

Question 10

What the use of lime in realtion to acidity?

Answer 10

• it helps neutrizes a reaction by releasing a base into an acid

Question 11

What animals and insects live in polluted water?

Answer 11

• sludge worms, midge larvae, leech, and blackfly larvae

Question 12

What are major water pollutants and what are minor water pollutants?

Answer 12

• major water pollutants are pollutants that do lots of harm to an environment( factories)
• minor water pollutants are pollutants that do not do much harm to an environment (pesticides)

Question 13

What is the differnece between a lipid, carbohydrate, protein and nucleic acid

Answer 13

• a lipid is an organic compounds that are fatty acids, but are not soluable in water
• a carbohydrate is a large group of organic compounds occuring in foods and living tissues
• a protein is a nitrogenious organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more chains of amino acids
• a nucleic acid is a complex organic substance present in DNA or RNA

Question 14

Scrubber system and diagram

Answer 14

• coal, caco3 and air go into a thermous which creates so2 and caO which reacts to create CaSo3 and the Co2 goes out to the smokestack

Question 15

What is the composition of air?

Answer 15

-78% nitrogen 21% oxygen some small amounts of neon, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen

Question 16

The long hand form of WHMIS?

Answer 16

workplace hazardous material information system and is canadas national hazar communication standard

Question 17

What is the proper way to despose a hazardous chemical?

Answer 17

• despose into a secure landfills

Question 18

What happens if DDT is added into an aquatic ecosystems?

Answer 18

Creates a long term threat to aquatic wildlife

Question 19

What is biomagnification?

Answer 19

Concentration of toxins in an organism as a result of it ingesting other plants or animals in which the toxins are most widely dispersed

Question 20

When looking at the transition from polluted water to clean water where is the demand for oxygen the highest?

Answer 20

8 ppm

Question 21

What is crude oil composed of?

Answer 21

• 13% hydrocarbons 85% carbon also composed of some other elements

Question 22

What does ground kevel ozone contribute to and why is it dangerous?

Answer 22

• it contributes to air pollution due to main ingrediant smog and it causes harm to the environment and humans

Question 23

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 23

Chemical break down of compounds due to reaction of water

Question 24

What is the difference between active transport and diffusion?

Answer 24

Diffusion is a passive process but an active transport requires metabolic energy or an electrochemical gradient that helps molecules get across the cell membrane

Question 25

Which nutrients are major water pollutants?

Answer 25

Phosphorus and nitrogen

Question 26

What is the PH level of acid rain?

Answer 26

• PH 4.0

Question 27

How does persistant and non persistent pollutants differ in their effects on the environment?

Answer 27

• non persistent breaks down faster than persistant

Question 28

Check deck before pats

Answer 28

Sss