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biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 components of biological diversity?

A
  1. ecosystem
  2. species
  3. genetics
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2
Q

Compare and contrast ecosystem, community, genetic diversity, and population:

A
  • ecosystem= all the INTERACTING PARTS of a community and its ENVIROMENT
  • community= an ASSOCIATION between different populations of organism s in a particular ENVIROMENT or geographical area
  • genetic diversity= the variety of genetics in an ecosystem
  • populations= the number of organisms in an area
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3
Q

What are the 4 types of asexual reproduction that we learned about?

A
  1. binary fission= cell division
  2. spores= fungi reproduce asexually by creating single-celled structures
  3. vegetative growth in plants= meristem= growing tips of roots and stems containing rapidly reproducing cells=clones=copies
  4. budding= ocean organisms reproducing asexually
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4
Q

What are the 3 types of interdependence?

A
  1. parasistism= one is benefited one is not
  2. mutilism= both benefit
  3. commensalism= none are benefited
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5
Q

cell=?

A

smallest unit.

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6
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

-most important part of a cell that lives in the center.

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7
Q

What is a chromosome?

A
  • packed strands of DNA
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8
Q

What is DNA, genetic code, and genes?

A
  • DNA= genetic info
  • genetic code= set of rules on how DNA is designed
  • gene- a section of DNA on a chromosome
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9
Q

Compare and contrast heritable, and non-heritable traits?

A
  • heritable traits= adapted not born with

- non-heritable traits= something you are born with

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10
Q

parts of a flower:

A
  1. middle tube part= stigma, style, ovary
  2. two other side tube parts= anther, filment
  3. sepal= under part of flower
  4. petals=obvious where petals are
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11
Q

How could genetics of an embryo be altered by its environment?

A
  1. temp
  2. mutations
  3. parents
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12
Q

What are the pros and cons of conservation?

A 
pros= education, and more variety
cons= loss of habitat, loss of natural instinct
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13
Q

What are the 2 methods of preserving biological diversity?

A
  1. zoos

2. seed banks

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14
Q

compare and contrast pure bred and high bred:

A
  • pure bred= 2 non-relating parents

- high bred= bred for specific reasons

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15
Q

What is incomplete dominance?

A

-two true breeding parents crossed to produce an intermediate offspring

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16
Q

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

A
  • mitosis= identical cells=cell repair

- meiosis= formation of gametes= sex cell reproduction

17
Q

What is the difference between extirpation and extinction?

A
  • extirpation= species no longer existing in a specific geographic area
  • extinction= species no longer existing
18
Q

What are the pros and cons of biotechnology?

A
  • pro= you could mix whatever traits and genetics you wanted

- cons= without limits you are playing God, things could go wrong, or you could mess up

19
Q

What are the pros and cons of biotechnology?

A
  • pro= you could mix whatever traits and genetics you wanted

- cons= without limits you are playing God, things could go wrong, or you could mess up

20
Q

What is the difference between discrete and continuous variation?

A
  • continuous variation= genetics with a wide range of possibilities
  • discrete variation= genetically inherited with a limited number of variation
21
Q

What is the theory of natural selection?

A
  1. organisms will produce more offspring than will actually survive
  2. there is incredible variation between within species
  3. some variations can increase an organisms chance of surviving to reproduce
  4. once variations are passed on the genetic characteristics will change within the species
22
Q

Why do some organisms reproduce sexually and asexually?

A

Because with asexual parents you get the exact same genetic info therefore the offspring look the same, but with sexual you have two different parens so there is variety in the offspring

23
Q

What are the pros and cons of sexual and asexual reproduction?

A

Pro of asexual easier process
Con of asexual less diversity
Pro of sexual more diversity
Con of sexual more of a process

24
Q

What is allele?

A
  • alternative forms of a gene
25
Q

How many chromosomes are found in a gametes?

A
  • 23 because there are 46 in a human cell and have an even amount of chromosomes for the female and male chromosomes so 23 ofeach and 46 in total
26
Q

What are the 4 types of sexual reproduction?

A
  1. Bacterial conjunction= transfer genetic material
    2 sexual reproduction in plants
    3.zygospores
  2. Reproduction of animals= both male and female gametes must arrive at the same time

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