Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Classifying matter:

A
  • all matter is made up of extremely tiny particles
  • each pure substance has its own kind of particle, different from other particles
  • always moving
  • attract
  • high temp particles=moves fast
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Attractive forces are:

A

weakest in gases
stronger in liquids
strongest in solids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is heterogeneous and homogeneous mixture?

A
  • homogeneous= particles are uniformly mixed

- heterogeneous=particles are uniformly scattered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

matter is broken into two parts what are they?

A

pure substance and mixtures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the 4 types of heterogeneous mixtures we learned about, and how are they described?

A
  • ordinary mechanical mixtures= can see parts (ex granite)
  • suspension= uniformly mixed, but will settle (ex flour or chalk)
  • colloids= fine particles evenly distributed throughout a second substance (ex hair gel, clouds)
  • emulsion= colloids that have liquids dispersed in liquids (ex, mayo, milk, salad dressing)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Changes in matter (difference between chemical and physical change)

A
  • physical change= changes form, but no new substance is formed (ex cutting an orange)
  • chemical change= causes one or more news substances to be formed=impossible to reverse (ex burning paper)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can be observed or messured?

A

-any property that can be observed or measured without forming a new substance= physical change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are properties to classify if chemical or physical:

A
  • if it has color=chemical
  • density=physical
  • if element is combustible= chemical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

physical properties can be further classified as?

A
  • qualitative= characteristic of a substance that cannot be measured, but can be described
  • quantitative=characteristic of a substance that can be measured
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

element=?

A

pure substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

In a chemical charge, the total mass of the new substance is always the same as the total mass of the original substances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a compound?

A

compounds are pure substances that contain two or more elements combined together in fixed or definite proportions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is daltons atomic theory?

A
  • all matter is made of small particles called atoms
  • atoms cannot be created destroyed or divided
  • all atoms of the same element are identical in size and mass
  • compounds are created when atoms of different elements link together in definite proportions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are all the atomic models dates and creators?

A
  • plum pudding-JJ Thomson 1897=reasoned that there must be positively charged particles in atom
  • Ernest Rutherford 1911=thought that the mass of an atom must be found in the centre= named it atomic nucleus
  • Niels Bohr 1913= both Rutherford and Bohr believed the atom is like a solar system with the electrons circling around the nucleus
  • Louis De Broglie, today= was an area around the nucleus that contains electrons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is electrons, protons, and neutrons charges?

A
  • proton=positive
  • electron= negative
  • neutron=neutral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the 5 main groups in the periodic table?

A
  • alkali metals= very reactive
  • alkaline earth metals= not very reactive
  • noble gases= very un-reactive
  • the halogens=reactive with almost any element
  • transition groups
17
Q

All about the periodic table:

A
  • created by Dmitri Mendeleev
  • atomic number= the number of protons an element has in its nucleus
  • atomic mass=total number of protons and neutrons
  • metals mostly on left besides hydrogen
  • non-metals=right side of staircase
  • metalloids= staircase
  • horizontal rows=periods
  • vertical rows=groups
18
Q

What is the difference between ionic and molecular compounds

A
  • ionic compounds= atoms that transfer electrons

- molecular compounds= atoms that share electrons

19
Q

What is a chemical formula?

A

-uses numbers and symbols to represent the composition of a pure substance

20
Q

what is a molecule?

A

-is the smallest independent unit of a pure substance, and is generally a cluster of atoms.

21
Q

what is a diatomic molecule?

A

-molecules made up of 2 atoms of the same element

22
Q

ionic:

A
  • formed from metallic and non-metallic elements
  • forms ions in solution
  • conducts electricity
  • solid at room temp
23
Q

molecular:

A
  • formed form only non-metallic element
  • does not form ions in solution
  • does not conduct electricity
  • solid, liquid, or gas at room temp
24
Q

writing molecular compounds:

A
  1. write first element
  2. change the ending to ide
  3. use prefixes to indicate the number of each type of atom (only second element)
    Mono=1
    di=2
    tri=3
    tetra=4
    penta=5
    hexa=6
    hepta=7
    octa=8
    nona=9
    deca=10
25
Q

symbol for molecular:

A
  1. write symbols for elements in order that appear

2. use subscripts to indicate number of each type of element

26
Q

naming ionic compounds:

A
  1. the name includes both names of the element in compound, metallic element first
  2. non-metallic element second and ending is changed to ide
  3. subscripts indicate ratio of ions
27
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

-two or more substances udergo a reorganization of atoms and form other substances

28
Q

What is the difference between reactants and products?

A

reactants= the substances that go into the reaction

products=the substances that are produced after a reaction

29
Q

What is the difference between exothermic and endothermic?

A
  • exothermic=chemical reactions that give off heat

- endothermic=chemical reactions that absorb energy

30
Q

what is the reaction rate?

A

-how fast a reaction occurs

31
Q

what is a catalyst?

A
  • a substance that speeds the rate of the reaction without changing itself
  • does not affect the amount of product produced
32
Q

What is an enzyme?

A
  • a natural catalyst made of living things
33
Q

What is an inhibitor?

A

-substance that slow down chemical reaction

34
Q

Which reactions can be reversed and which ones cannot?

A
  • chemical changes are impossible to reverse

- physical changes can be reversed, because their properties are temporary

35
Q

How can elements be classified into their families?

A
  • by their properties
36
Q

What are the properties of metals, non-metals and metalloids?

A
  • metals=shiny appearance and solid at room temp
  • non- metals= not shiny, solid gas or liquid at room temp
  • metaloids= have products in between

Science (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions