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Organic Chemistry > Environmental Chemistry > Flashcards

Environmental Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Troposphere range and what happens there

A

to the height of 10km from the sea level

troposphere contains air,much water vapor and clouds, strong air movement happens here

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2
Q

Stratosphere range and what happens there

A

10-50 km above the sea level

stratosphere contains dinitrogen dioxygen,ozone, and little water vapour

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3
Q

In which sphere is ozone layer present

A

stratosphere

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4
Q

What are the harmful effect of SO2 on humans and plants

A

respiratory disease like asthma bronchitis and also causes tears and redness to eyes
for plants in high concentration makes the buds fall off due to hardenins

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5
Q

NO2 is oxidized to NO3- by what condition

A

at high altitudes when the lighting strikes

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6
Q

What are harmful effect of NO2 on traffic area,plants and animals

A

irritant red haze in the traffic and congested places

high concentration damages the leavves of pants and retard the rate of photosynthesis

for animals its a lung irritant that can lead to respiratory diseases

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7
Q

Greenhouse gases list

A

carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), ozone and water vapor

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8
Q

Acid rain pH

A

less than 5.6

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9
Q

Dry and wet deposition eg

A

oxides of nitrogen and sulfur which are acidic in nature can be blown by the wind along with solid particles in the atmosphere and finally settle either on the ground as dry deposition or in water, fog and snow as wet deposition

aerosol particles of oxides or ammonium salts in rain drops result in wet deposition

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10
Q

Mists are produced by

A

mists are produced by particles of spray liquids and by condensation of vapors in air

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11
Q

Classical smog content,where does it occurs and is also called

A

it contains a mixture smoke and fog and sulfur dioxide

it occurs in cool humid climate

it is a reducing mixture and so it is also called reducing smog

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12
Q

Photochemical smog content,where does it occurs and is also called

A

it contains unsaturated hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxide, ozone, nitric oxide, acrolein, formaldehyde, and PAN(peroxyacetyl nitrate) produced by automobiles and factories

it occurs in warn dry and sunny climate

it usually contains oxidizing agents and is therefore called oxidizing smog

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13
Q

How are formaldehyde,acrolein and peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN) formed

A

(reverse)

ozone and NO2 can react with unburnt Hydrocarbons in the polluted air to produce them

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14
Q

harmful effect of nitrogen and ozone

A

irritation of nose and throat and in high concentration cause difficulty in breathing , cough,chestpain

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15
Q

Which plants can metabolise NO2

A

pinus,juniparus,quercus pyrus and vitis

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16
Q

What are the most srs water pollutants

A

disease causing pathogens

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17
Q

What BOD

A

biochemical oxygen demand :- the amount of organic material in the water in terms of how much oxygen will be required to break it down biologically

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18
Q

Clean water BOD =

A

less than 5ppm

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19
Q

the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water below which the growth of fish fets inhibited

A

6 ppm

20
Q

What results in the growth of algae

A

fertilizers containing phosphates

21
Q

Whats eutrophication

A

the process in which nutrient-enriched water bodies support a dense plant population which kills animal life by depriving g it of oxygen and results in subsequent loss of biodiversity

22
Q

fluorine,lead,sulphate,nitrate concentration recommended in water?!

A

fluorine: - 1 ppm
lead: - 50 ppb
sulphate: - 500 ppm
nitrate: - 50 ppm

23
Q

harmful effect by excess flourine concentration in water?!

A

helps in making the enamel on teeth by converting hydroxyapatite
above 2ppm causes brown mottling of teeth
above 19ppm it causes a harmful effect on bones and teeth

24
Q

harmful effect by excess lead concentration in water?!

A

if more than 50 ppb it can cause damage to kidney,liver and reporductive organics

25
Q

harmful effect by excess sulphate concentration in water?!

A

it causes a laxative effect

26
Q

harmful effect by excess nitrate concentration in the water?!

A

reccomended= 50 ppm

if more than can cause diseases like methemoglobinemia(blue baby syndrome)

27
Q

The maximum concentration of Fe, Al, Mn, Zn, Cd, and Cu in increasing order

A 
Cd:- 0.005 ppm
Mn:- 0.05 ppm
Fe:- 0.2 ppm
Al:- 0.2 ppm
Cu:-3.0 ppm
Zn:- 5.0 ppm
28
Q

DDT was used before and after WWII for?

A

before WWII control malaria and another insect-borne disease
After WWII it was used in agriculture to control the damages caused by insects rodents weeds and various crop dideases

29
Q

Aldrin and dieldrin were used for

A

pesticides

30
Q

What was earlier used for dry cleaning and by what is it replaced now and why

A

tetra chloro ethene was earlier used

replaced by hydrogen peroxide or liquid CO2 cuz tetrachloroethane contaminated the groundwater and was also suspected carcinogen

31
Q

what was used for bleaching earlier and what is used now

A

ck gas was used for bleachins earler and now H2O2 is used with suitable catalyst

32
Q

how are CFC broken in stratosphere?

A
33
Q

what does F in limited quantity do?

A

F- ions make up the enamel of the teeth much harder by converting hydroxyapatite[Ca10(PO 4)6(OH)2] to much harder fluroappatite[Ca3(PO4)2 Ca2F]

34
Q

hydroxyapatite formula

A
35
Q

fluroappatite formula

A
36
Q

atmospheric ozone reaction with nitric oxide(NO)

A
37
Q

on heating water the concentration of O2 decreasing or increases?

A

decreases

38
Q

on heating water the concentration of O2 decreasing or increases?

A

decreases

39
Q

what is the reason of eutrophication?

A

dense plant population in water bodies

excess usage of fertilizers and detergents

40
Q

thermal power plants lead to?

A

acid rain

41
Q

fly ash is generated by what?

A

non biodegradable wastes from thermal plants

42
Q

what BOD!?

A

biochemical oxygen demand demand is the amount of oxygen required by bacteria to break down the organic matter present in a given volume of a sample water

43
Q

wavelength range of UV light?

A

200 nm-315 nm

44
Q

the set of species responsible for photo chemical smog are?

and which nitrogen compound has no role in it

A

NO,NO2,O3,HC and

N2 has no role in it

45
Q

PAN(peroxyacetyl nitrate) is produced by ?

A

photochemical smog

46
Q

dissolved oxygen in cold water can reach upto?

A

10ppm

Organic Chemistry (10 decks)

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