Environmental Chemistry Flashcards
Troposphere range and what happens there
to the height of 10km from the sea level
troposphere contains air,much water vapor and clouds, strong air movement happens here
Stratosphere range and what happens there
10-50 km above the sea level
stratosphere contains dinitrogen dioxygen,ozone, and little water vapour
In which sphere is ozone layer present
stratosphere
What are the harmful effect of SO2 on humans and plants
respiratory disease like asthma bronchitis and also causes tears and redness to eyes
for plants in high concentration makes the buds fall off due to hardenins
NO2 is oxidized to NO3- by what condition
at high altitudes when the lighting strikes
What are harmful effect of NO2 on traffic area,plants and animals
irritant red haze in the traffic and congested places
high concentration damages the leavves of pants and retard the rate of photosynthesis
for animals its a lung irritant that can lead to respiratory diseases
Greenhouse gases list
carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), ozone and water vapor
Acid rain pH
less than 5.6
Dry and wet deposition eg
oxides of nitrogen and sulfur which are acidic in nature can be blown by the wind along with solid particles in the atmosphere and finally settle either on the ground as dry deposition or in water, fog and snow as wet deposition
aerosol particles of oxides or ammonium salts in rain drops result in wet deposition
Mists are produced by
mists are produced by particles of spray liquids and by condensation of vapors in air
Classical smog content,where does it occurs and is also called
it contains a mixture smoke and fog and sulfur dioxide
it occurs in cool humid climate
it is a reducing mixture and so it is also called reducing smog
Photochemical smog content,where does it occurs and is also called
it contains unsaturated hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxide, ozone, nitric oxide, acrolein, formaldehyde, and PAN(peroxyacetyl nitrate) produced by automobiles and factories
it occurs in warn dry and sunny climate
it usually contains oxidizing agents and is therefore called oxidizing smog
How are formaldehyde,acrolein and peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN) formed
(reverse)
ozone and NO2 can react with unburnt Hydrocarbons in the polluted air to produce them
harmful effect of nitrogen and ozone
irritation of nose and throat and in high concentration cause difficulty in breathing , cough,chestpain
Which plants can metabolise NO2
pinus,juniparus,quercus pyrus and vitis
What are the most srs water pollutants
disease causing pathogens
What BOD
biochemical oxygen demand :- the amount of organic material in the water in terms of how much oxygen will be required to break it down biologically
Clean water BOD =
less than 5ppm
the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water below which the growth of fish fets inhibited
6 ppm
What results in the growth of algae
fertilizers containing phosphates
Whats eutrophication
the process in which nutrient-enriched water bodies support a dense plant population which kills animal life by depriving g it of oxygen and results in subsequent loss of biodiversity
fluorine,lead,sulphate,nitrate concentration recommended in water?!
fluorine: - 1 ppm
lead: - 50 ppb
sulphate: - 500 ppm
nitrate: - 50 ppm
harmful effect by excess flourine concentration in water?!
helps in making the enamel on teeth by converting hydroxyapatite
above 2ppm causes brown mottling of teeth
above 19ppm it causes a harmful effect on bones and teeth
harmful effect by excess lead concentration in water?!
if more than 50 ppb it can cause damage to kidney,liver and reporductive organics
harmful effect by excess sulphate concentration in water?!
it causes a laxative effect
harmful effect by excess nitrate concentration in the water?!
reccomended= 50 ppm
if more than can cause diseases like methemoglobinemia(blue baby syndrome)
The maximum concentration of Fe, Al, Mn, Zn, Cd, and Cu in increasing order
Cd:- 0.005 ppm Mn:- 0.05 ppm Fe:- 0.2 ppm Al:- 0.2 ppm Cu:-3.0 ppm Zn:- 5.0 ppm
DDT was used before and after WWII for?
before WWII control malaria and another insect-borne disease
After WWII it was used in agriculture to control the damages caused by insects rodents weeds and various crop dideases
Aldrin and dieldrin were used for
pesticides
What was earlier used for dry cleaning and by what is it replaced now and why
tetra chloro ethene was earlier used
replaced by hydrogen peroxide or liquid CO2 cuz tetrachloroethane contaminated the groundwater and was also suspected carcinogen
what was used for bleaching earlier and what is used now
ck gas was used for bleachins earler and now H2O2 is used with suitable catalyst
how are CFC broken in stratosphere?
what does F in limited quantity do?
F- ions make up the enamel of the teeth much harder by converting hydroxyapatite[Ca10(PO 4)6(OH)2] to much harder fluroappatite[Ca3(PO4)2 Ca2F]
hydroxyapatite formula
fluroappatite formula
atmospheric ozone reaction with nitric oxide(NO)
on heating water the concentration of O2 decreasing or increases?
decreases
on heating water the concentration of O2 decreasing or increases?
decreases
what is the reason of eutrophication?
dense plant population in water bodies
excess usage of fertilizers and detergents
thermal power plants lead to?
acid rain
fly ash is generated by what?
non biodegradable wastes from thermal plants
what BOD!?
biochemical oxygen demand demand is the amount of oxygen required by bacteria to break down the organic matter present in a given volume of a sample water
wavelength range of UV light?
200 nm-315 nm
the set of species responsible for photo chemical smog are?
and which nitrogen compound has no role in it
NO,NO2,O3,HC and
N2 has no role in it
PAN(peroxyacetyl nitrate) is produced by ?
photochemical smog
dissolved oxygen in cold water can reach upto?
10ppm
