environmental

Question 1

bacteriology of clostridia

Answer 1

gram positive spore forming obligate anaerobes

require low tissue oxygenation

Question 2

What two diseases can C perfringens cause?

Answer 2

1. food poisoning

2. gas gangrene

Question 3

Differentiate the paralysis from tetanus and botulism

Answer 3

tetanus - spastic paralysis

botulism - flaccid paralysis

Question 4

What is the treatment or tetanus and botulism?

Answer 4

antitoxin NOT antibiotics

Question 5

what antibiotic is notorious for causing C diff overgrowth

Answer 5

clindamycin

Question 6

What infection “ undulant fever and noncaseating granulomas”

Answer 6

Brucella

Question 7

Where is yersinia infection endemic to? what is the vector?

Answer 7

US southwest

vector: fleas

Question 8

Describe the two types of infections yersinia pestis can cause?

Answer 8

1. bubonic plague - fever, swollen LNs, DIC

2. pneumonic plague

Question 9

Yersinia has a specific microscopic appearance - what is it

Answer 9

bipolar staining - safety pin

Question 10

Yersinia enterocolitica causes what infection?

Answer 10

pseudoappendicitis

Question 11

What is the bacteriology of yersinia

Answer 11

member of enterobacteriacae so gram - Rod
coagulase positive
facultative intracellular

Question 12

Bacteriology of tularemia

Answer 12

gram negative coccus

facultative intracellular

Question 13

What is the reservoir of tularemia?

Answer 13

rabbits

Question 14

what are three different presentations of tularemia infection?

Answer 14

1. ulceroglandular - tick bite
2. pneumonia - aerosols - skinning rabbits
3. typhoidal - ingestion of infected meat

Question 15

bacteriology of anthrax

Answer 15

gram positive rod

Question 16

Describe the three presentations of anthrax?

Answer 16

1. cutaneous - black eschar
2. pulmonary - mediastinal widening
3. GI - vomiting and bloody diarrhea

Question 17

Bacteriology of listeria

Answer 17

gram + rod
facultative intracellular
beta hemolytic

Question 18

what special virulence factor does listeria have

Answer 18

actin jet motility - pokes through neighboring cells

Question 19

What is a usual source of listeria infection?

Answer 19

soft cheeses, deli meats, unpasteurized milk

Question 20

Who is listeria a particularly dangerous infection for?

Answer 20

pregnant women and neonates

immunocomprommised

Question 21

What is the most common cause of meningitis in AIDs, cancer, transplant patients

Answer 21

AIDs - crypto

cancer, transplant - listeria

Question 22

what is the bacteriology of actinomyces

Answer 22

gram positive branching rod

anaerobic

Question 23

What is the reservoir for actinomyces?

Answer 23

normal flora of gingival crevices

female genital tract

Question 24

Name some locations you can get actinomycosis?

Answer 24

cervicofacial - Dental trauma
pelvic - prolonged IUD
thoracic and abdominal - surgery
CNS - solitary abscesses

Question 25

What is the appearance of actinomycosis abscesses?

Answer 25

sulfur granules present

appears like a molar tooth

Question 26

What are the similarities of nocardia and actinomyces?

Answer 26

both filamentous branching gram + rods
infection requires trauma
slow growth
produce sulfur granules

Question 27

What are the differences btwn nocardia and actinomyces?

Answer 27

actinomyces: anaerobe, commensal, acute branching
nocardia: acid fast, strict aerobe, environmental source, infects immunocompromised

Question 28

Describe an infection with nocardia?

Answer 28

caseating granulomas - cavitary bronchopulmonary lesions