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Science 10 > Environment > Flashcards

Environment Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the layers of the atmosphere in order of farthest away to closest?

A

Thermosphere
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Troposphere

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2
Q

How far away is the thermosphere? What is its temperature?

A

80 to 300 km away from Earth

-100 degrees to 1500 degrees

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3
Q

How far away is the mesosphere? What is its temperature?

A

50 to 80 km away from Earth

0 degrees to -100 degrees

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4
Q

How far away is the stratosphere? What is its temperature?

A

50 km to 80 km away from Earth

-60 degrees to 0 degrees

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5
Q

How far away is the troposphere? What is its temperature?

A

0 to 10 km away from Earth

15 degrees to -60 degrees

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6
Q

Lithosphere

A

The rigid, outermost shell of a terrestrial plant

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7
Q

Hydrosphere

A

All water on Earth (all states)

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8
Q

Atmosphere

A

Layer of gases surrounding the Earth

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9
Q

Where is the ozone layer contained?

A

The stratosphere

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10
Q

What is the Coriolis Effect?

A

The rotation of the Earth causes objects in the Northern hemisphere are deflected to the right, while objects in the Southern Hemisphere are deflected to the left. This effects water and air.

This causes hurricanes to spin counter-clockwise in the North and spin clockwise in the South

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11
Q

What are jetstreams?

A

Fast flowing air currents in the atmosphere

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12
Q

What are polar and subtropical jetstreams?

A

The strongest jetstreams are polar jets at 9 - 12 km above sea level

The higher altitude and somewhat weaker subtropical jets at 10 - 16 km above sea level

The northern and Southern Hemisphere each have a polar and subtropical jet

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13
Q

What is the angle of inclination?

A

23.44 degrees

Causes the seasons

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14
Q

What is the albedo effect?

A

Surface without snow or ice absorbs more heat

Surface with snow reflects more heat

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15
Q

What are the two types of ocean currents?

A

Surface Currents

Deep Currents

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16
Q

What are surface currents?

A

Wind driven, primarily horizontal motion

17
Q

What are deep currents?

A

Driven by differences in density caused by differences in temperature and salinity, vertical and horizontal motions

18
Q

Specific Heat Capacity

A

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 degree

Calculated using J/g•C

19
Q

Thermal Energy

A

Energy due to the motion of particles

Q = the quantity of thermal energy
Q = m*c*delta*t

Measured in Jules

20
Q

What the different parts in the formula to calculate thermal energy?

A

Q = thermal energy (measured in Jules)

m = mass (measured in grams)

c = specific heat capacity (J/g•C)

Delta T = change in temp (measured in degrees Celsius)

21
Q

Precipitation

A

Water turning from vapour to solid or liquid form

22
Q

Condensation

A

A change in the state of water from gas to liquid

How clouds are formed

23
Q

Evapotranspiration

A

Evaporation from land, lakes and rivers (liquid to vapour) along with transpiration from plants

24
Q

Surface runoff

A

Snow melting so fast it runs down towards the nearest water source

25
Q

Infiltration

A

Snow melting so slow that it soaks into the soil

26
Q

What is heat of fusion?

A

Is the amount of energy absorbed when 1 mol of the substance changes from solid to liquid phase, without a change in tempurature

27
Q

What is heat of vaporization?

A

The amount of energy absorbed when 1 mol of the substance changes from liquid phase to vapour phase, without a change in temperature

28
Q

What are the formulas to calculate heat of fusion and heat of vaporization?

A

H fus = Q/n

H vap = Q/n

29
Q

What are the units of measurement for the different parts in a heat of fusion or heat of vaporization formula?

A

H fus/H vap = kJ/mol
Q = kJ
N = moles (mol)

30
Q

Adaption

A

Any change in the structure of functioning of an organism that makes it more suitable to its environment

31
Q

Weather

A

The state of an atmosphere in terms of variables, such as temperature, for a particular place at a particular time

32
Q

Climate

A

The average daily and season weather events that occur in a region over a long time period

33
Q

Climatograph

A

Summary of the average temperature and precipitation for each month of the year at a given location

Used to compare biomes

34
Q

What factors that affect the amount of radiation that reaches a region of Earth’s surface?

A 
Time of the year
Angle of inclination 
Length of day 
Cloud cover
Albedo effect
35
Q

What biome receives about 100 cm of rain per year and has a growing session of about six months?

A

Temperate Forest

Science 10 (4 decks)

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