Environment

Question 1

Polkilothermy

Answer 1

an organism whose internal temperature varies considerably, with the environment

Question 2

Homeothermy

Answer 2

an organism that maintains its body temperature at a constant level, usually above that of the environment, by its metabolic activity

Question 3

ectothermy

Answer 3

an organism in which internal physiological sources of heat are of relatively small or quite negligible importance in controlling body temperature (body heat is derived from the environment)

Question 4

Endothermy

Answer 4

An endotherm is an organism that maintains its body at a metabolically favorable temperature, largely by the use of heat set free by its internal bodily functions instead of relying almost purely on ambient heat (body heat derived from metabolism)

Question 5

metabolism

Answer 5

sum of all chemical reactions in an organism

Question 6

BMR (basal metabolic rate)

Answer 6

minimal cost of living , the rate of an animal in the thermal neutral zone that is neither digesting food nor engaging reproduction or growth

Question 7

TNZ (thermal neutral zone)

Answer 7

essentially an endotherm’s temperature tolerance range.

Question 8

RMR (resting metabolic rate)

Answer 8

the rate of an animal that is neither digesting food nor engaging in reproduction or growth (may not be in the thermal neutral zone)

Question 9

dry heat transfer

Answer 9

heat transfer that does not involve the evaporation (or condensation) of water. Occurs by conduction,convection, thermal radiation

Question 10

TB

Answer 10

body temperature

Question 11

TA

Answer 11

ambient temperature

Question 12

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 12

primary process is to stimulate the body’s fight-or-flight response. It is, however, constantly active at a basic level to maintain homeostasis

Question 13

respiratory alkaosis

Answer 13

medical condition in which increased respiration elevates the blood pH beyond the normal range (7.35-7.45) with a concurrent reduction in arterial levels of carbon dioxide. This condition is one of the four basic categories of disruption of acid-base homeostasis

Question 14

hyperthermia

Answer 14

the condition of having a body temperature greatly above normal.

Question 15

hibernation

Answer 15

state of inactivity and metabolic depression in endotherms. Hibernation refers to a season of heterothermy that is characterized by low body temperature, slow breathing and heart rate, and low metabolic rate

Question 16

hypothermia

Answer 16

significant drop in body temperature below the TNZ (in humans below 35 degrees Celsius)

Question 17

hibernation

Answer 17

animals allow body temperature to fall closer to ta for periods of several days or longer during the winter

Question 18

facultative hibernators

Answer 18

only enter hibernation when either cold stressed or food deprived, or both.

Question 19

obligate hibernators

Answer 19

animals that spontaneously, and annually, enter hibernation regardless of ambient temperature and access to food

Question 20

aestivation

Answer 20

prolonged torpor or dormancy of an insect, fish, or amphibian during a hot or dry period.

Question 21

hyperplastic growth

Answer 21

the enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the reproduction rate of its cells

Question 22

hypertrophy

Answer 22

the enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in size of its cells.

Question 23

myogenesis

Answer 23

the development of muscle fibers during the embryonic stage. fibers arise from individual embryonic muscle cells (myoblasts)

Question 24

myoblasts

Answer 24

individual embryonic muscle cells - mono nucleated precursor cells