Environment

Question 1

IELTS Speaking Vocabulary: Environment
Here is some useful vocabulary for this topic.

Answer 1

Ecosystem (eco= environment, ecosystem is ‘an environment system’)
**Ecology **(n.) = the study of the environment
Ecological (adj.)
Eco-friendly (adj.) = describes things that protect and look after the environment, rather than damaging it.
This fabric bag is eco-friendly

Question 2

Global warming

Answer 2

~ increasing temperature of the earth due to the
greenhouse effect of more gases (CO2, CH4) being trapped in the atmosphere

Question 3

Climate Change

Answer 3

~ similar to global warming but focus on changing
climates around the world

Question 4

The following are all words (countable nouns) meaning waste or things we throw away

Answer 4

waste
rubbish (UK)
garbage (US)
debris
trash (US)
litter (UK)
junk
refuse

Question 5

A landfill (n.) (C)

Answer 5

~ a place where rubbish is dumped and buried
People dump rubbish in the sea, on the streets, in the landfills….

Question 6

Biodegradable waste

Answer 6

~ waste that naturally decomposes.
Most waste is non-biodegradable, such as plastic.
We should segregate our rubbish (to separate) into ….
The 3 Rs: Recycle - Reduce - Reuse

تجزیه پذیر

Question 7

Greenhouse gases

Answer 7

Methane (CH4)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Question 8

Useful collocations

Answer 8

Methane emissions
Carbon dioxide emissions
Carbon footprints = the damage you cause to the planet by using carbon
Control the emission of carbone dioxide = To reduce our carbon footprint
To be carbon neutral
* I was able to reduce my carbon footprint by using the public transport more frequently instead of using my car. (the impact you leave on the environment)

Question 9

How we damage the environment

Answer 9

Deforestation = cutting down trees
Poaching = killing endangered animals illegally
شکار غیر قانونی حیوانات که باعث انقراض اونا بشه

Illegal dumping = putting waste into a landfill / the sea without permission
Light / Air / Noise pollution

Cars, aeroplanes…= most transportation
Overuse of nonrenewable resources (oil, gas, coal…also known as - fossil fuels)

Growing urbanisation = cities growing bigger
Sea pollution
Use of pesticides (medicine for crops)
Destruction of bees
Desertification = making land dry and like a desert, not arable, not fertile
Digital garbage

Fashion industry is coming under attack for promoting consumerism and damaging the environment

Question 10

How we can protect the environment

Answer 10

I am careful to recycle rubbish and waste at home
I strive not to use disposable plastic, such as coffee cups in Starbucks
I endeavour to turn off the lights in my home
I make an effort to turn taps off when possible

I pick up discarded rubbish sometimes OR …
* …From time to time
* …Once in a while
* …Every now and then
* …At times

Question 11

protect the environment

Answer 11

I like to do my bit = to** play my part** = to contribute

We should steer clear of….. = to avoid
از (کسی یا چیزی) دوری کردن، احتراز کردن
We should be wary of = be careful and cautious with

• Turn off lights
• Save energy
• Save water, by not leaving the tap running unnecessarily شیر را باز گذاشتن
• Do some volunteer work ike to run a campaign to raise awareness
• Clean up beaches
• Participate in a beach clean-up
• Reduce plastic waste
• Protect wildlife habitats

Question 12

How can governments tackle (solve) this issue?

Answer 12

Raise awareness of the need to recycle

Sensitise (make them sensitive) people to the importance of using renewable/Sustainable/Clean energy [solar, wind, geothermal, water, bioenergy]

Incentivise (=to motivate) people to recycle
* By implementing strict laws
* Impelementing fines on lawbreakers
* Incentivise (=to motivate) companies to use renewable energy and sustainable energy (solar (sun), hydro (water), wind…geothermal..)
* Set zero-carbon energy targets
* Reduce their carbon footprint to ‘net zero’
* Promote the use of electric cars - and public transport
* Plant trees
* Carry our research on plastic substitutes (research on biodegradable alternatives)
* Set up initiatives to protect…. wildlife / natural habitats / forests /endangered species
* Implement policies to protect…
* Put measures in place to protect…
* Impose restrictions on….
Put in place strict / stringent policies
* Tightening the belts (budget restriction) by putting additional taxes
*Give some kinds of rewards in the form of subsidy to those who are supporting Green tech revolution

Question 13

Idioms to talk about environment

Answer 13

To get out of hand = to be out of control
Damage to the environment is getting out of hand, if we don’t do something soon, we will lose our planet

To be in dire straits = to be in trouble

To be in deep water = to be in trouble

**The tip of the iceberg **= the beginning of the problem
**To weather the storm **= to survive difficult times

Question 14

Light pollution

Answer 14

To much light which can lead to eyesight problems

Question 14

Some environmenta problems

Answer 14

Noise pollution, desertification, polution in water, soil erosion, no proper drainage system and garbage,

Question 15

Doom and gloom

Answer 15

A feeling that a situation is very bad and without hope
احساس اینکه شرایط خیلی بده و امیدی به بهترشدن نیست

Question 16

Part 1: Do you think it’s important to keep the city clean?
Have you ever taken action to prevent the environment from

Answer 16

• Definitely it is a crucial matter nowadays specifcally due to pandemic situation and susceptibility of civilian to be infected by variety kinds of viruses.
• We should separate our different types of garbages (rubbish) so the recyclying would be easier
• Yes, I think it’s of the uppermost importance to keep the city clean
• Absoluteltly. Because it would be nice and pleasant to live in a clean environment. (neat and tidy)

Tip: Yes, it’s important. Because we need to live in a neat and tidy environment. If not, the consequences are dire. It can lead to excessive pollution in the streets people throwing away plastic carelessly, & this plastic will then infect or contaminate the water supply, our street will look messy and smelly, & it would be really horrible environment in which to live.

Yes- If not .. the consequences are dire.. it can lead
Absolutely, in Tehran, it makes a huge difference. It become a **huge pole of attraction **for tourists.

اگه مخطاب سوال یو بود باید بگی مای تو جواب
It is my obligation to be a socially responsible citizen.

Spreading rubbish all over the streets will be an eyesore (something that is not attractive to look at)چشم درد، چیز بدنما، مایه نفرت

Frankly speaking, it’s necessary to protect the environment and make it cean and fresh for human and creature lives

We wil face bacterial and viral and fungi disease if we don’t pay attention to cleansiness /Sanitization. (تمیزی)

Question 17

Campaigne

Answer 17

We have an association called E-WASTE, and encouraging people tto collect their broken devices.

We don’t throw the empty batteries into the trash. I throw them to recycling bin.

Question 17

Have you ever taken action to prevent

Answer 17

• By using recyclable materials instead of plastics
• Yes, actually by encouraging people to plant trees
• I reduced plastic use
• Yes, me and my friends have taken initiatives in cleaning our college campus.
• from time to time / every now and then I will pick up the rubbish in the street.
• I try to recycle the papers I use.
• I usually take public transport to my work to prevent air pollution.
• I always make sure to turn off my electronic devices
• Yeah, I usualy don’t drive my car on Sundays to do my bit / make my contribution in stopping air poution.
• I always use my reusabe bags whenever I go shopping.
• I have ran campaign with American to raise awareness about animal protection.

ابتکار عمل را بدست آوردن
from time to time:

Take initiative:پیش قدم شدن

Question 18

In which ways do peope damage our panets?

Answer 18

Brainstorm:
Farmers use pesticdes often which damage the crops, they destroys alot of the bugs and animals which are beneficial for our environment.
* Decide a group of people you want to talk about (governments/farmers/..)

• People do damage to our planet in a great variety of ways.
• The transportation used during the day damage the ozone layer and gas emission from motorbikes.
• People litter in streets and son’t separate their recyclable garbages.
• By throwing the waste in the water which will lead to water pollution and also in turn affect the health of people.
• Gas emissions from factories and exhaust fumes from vehices have a devastating effect on the environment.
• There is a wide array /(wide range) of human activities that harm our environment. To start with the spread of human habitation which lead to deforestation.
• I think cosmetic industry uses too much aerosol, fumes and it will directly affect the ozone layer.
• People using fossi fuels, destroying wildlife, and wasting natural resources.
  *