Environ/Toxic/Integ Flashcards
What does the activated charcoal formulation “Actidose-Aqua” have in it and how does that affect bloodwork findings?
Propylene glycol and glycerol
Mean serum osmolality, osmolal gap and lactate concentration were significantly increased after suspension administration, increasing at 1 hour, peaking at 4 hours and returning to baseline at 24 hours.
Dose of naloxone
0.01-0.04 mg/kg IV IM or SC
Dose of flumazenil and what toxicity can it be used for?
0.01-0.02 mg/kg IV
sleep aid toxicosis
What can be used to reverse amitraz collars and imidazole decongestants ?
These toxins have alpha agonist activity so can be reversed with alpha antagonists such as yohimbine (0.1mg/kg IV) or atipamezole (50 mcg/kg IV or IM)
Reported SE of intralipid
Fat embolism Fat overload syndrome Pancreatitis worsening of ARDS coagulopathy
What complications can occur if charcoal filter is used without HD ?
hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, thrombocytopenia
Two pathways for acetaminophen metabolisM/
conjugation with sulfate and glucuronide (90% of ingested dose)
cytochrome-p450- 5%
At what dose of acetominophen are toxic signs seen in dogs vs. cats
100 mg/kg dogs
10 mg/kg cats
What effect does pH have on volume of distribution of salicylate?
Decrease in blood pH increases the VD as drug diffuses out of intravascular space.
What effects do COX1 vs. COX2 have on coagulation
COX2 produces prostacyclin (PGI2) from epithelial cells that inhibits platelet aggregation and causes vasodilation
COX1 mediates production of TXA2 from platelets, which increases platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction.
what drugs can have an increased bioavailability and thus potentially increased toxicity when giving NSAIDs
other anti-inflammatories warfarin phenytoin penicillins sulfonamide abx digoxin
will DECREASE lasix
what dose of ibuprofen is associated with GI signs? kidney dz? death?
100 mg/kg - GI
kid fail- 175 mg/kg
600 mg/kg- acute death
toxic dose of aspirin? single dose? daily dose x 2 days?
single dose 400 mg/kg
75 mg/kg x 2 days
cats 25-100 mg/kg/day - GI ulcers
what dose of naproxen is associated with adverse events?
5-10 mg/kg
what dose of meloxicam has been shown to cause GI upset? RF?
GI- 0.15-0.2 mg/kg/day x 3 days
RF- 0.6-1 mg/kg/day x 3 days
Arrange the following NSAIDS in order of increasing elimination half life in dogs: aspirin carprofen deracoxib firocoxib ibuprofen meloxicam naproxen
deracoxib- 3 hours ibuprofen -5 hours Firocoxib- 6 hours Aspirin 7.5 hours Carprofen 11-14 hours Meloxicam 24 hours Naproxen 74 hours
Arrange the following NSAIDS in order of increasing elimination half life in cats: aspirin carprofen deracoxib firocoxib meloxicam
deracoxib 8 hours firocoxib 12 hours meloxicam 15-26 hours carprofen 21 hours aspirin 37.5 hours
MOA acepromazine
Blocks postsynaptic dopamine and alpha1-adrenergic receptors
Is baclofen enterohepatically recirculated?
no
What is the cellular effect of opioid receptor activation?
inhibition of adenyl cyclase activity, activation of receptor-operated potassium currents, suppression of voltage-gated ca currents.
These effects cause hyper polarization of the cell membrane, decreased NT release and reduced pain transmission
what are the effects of the mu opiate receptor?
analgesia resp depression euphoria bradycardia constipation vomiting physical dependence temperature change (hypothermia dogs, hyperthermia in cats)
what are the effects of the delta opioid receptor?
analgesia
what are the effects of the sigma opioid receptor?
autonomic stimulation
dysphoria
hallucinations
what are the effects of the kappa opioid receptor
analgesia, sedation