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AEMT class > Entry ticket 15 > Flashcards

Entry ticket 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Tension pneumothorax signs

A 
Tracheal deviation - Very very late sign 
Difficult to ventilate 
Unequal breath sounds 
History of trauma, asthma, COPD 
Pt has shortness of breath 
Possible JVD 
Hyperresonant chest wall from percussion
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2
Q

What do SSRI’s treat?

A

SSRI - Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Prescribed to treat: depression
Anxiety disorders
Panic disorders
OCD

Page 1478-1479

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3
Q

Management of Hypothermic cardiac arrest

A
  • Avoid rough and excessive movement cause it could cause the heart rhythm issues
  • Severely hyperthermia may cause defibrillators to not be effective
  • Intubation could cause pt to go into VTAC
  • Metabolism normally works at a specific temperature and can delay medication taking effect - mainly epinephrine
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4
Q

GABA

A

Gamma-amino butyric acid

It causes the post synaptic cleft to remain open longer to allow chloride in. The chloride makes it so that there needs to be more stimulation to continue down the nerve

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5
Q

Vaughn-Williams class 1

A

Sodium channel blocker

Lidocaine

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6
Q

Vaughn-Williams class 2

A

Beta blocker

Metoprolol

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7
Q

Vaughn-Williams class 3

A

Potassium channel blocker

Amiodarone

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8
Q

Vaughn-Williams class 4

A

Calcium channel blocker

Cardizem - atrial type problems

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9
Q

Vaughn-Williams class 5

A

Miscellaneous

Adenosine - we don’t fully understand how it works

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10
Q

Heat cramps S&S, management

page 1893-1895

A

S&S: slight ABD cramping, tingling in extremities, severe pain in extremities and ABD, nausea. Pt is alert. Skin pale, moist, temp normal
Management: -Move pt to cool environment.
-If able, give pt some electrolyte liquid slowly PO.
-NS IV if pt is too nauseated.
-Do not massage the cramping muscles as this may aggravate the pain.

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11
Q

Heat exhaustion S&S, management

page 1896

A

S&S: headache, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, (sometimes) ABD cramping.
Management: -Remove pt to cool environment, remove excess clothing and place supine
-If pt’s temp is elevated, get pt slightly damp then fan pt. Do not over cool.
-If pt is able, give fluids PO. 1teaspoon salt, 2tablespoons sugar in 1 quart water
-NS IV if pt is nauseous
-If able, determine electrolyte and sodium levels
-If CBT is elevated, treat pt for heatstroke

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12
Q

Heat stroke S&S

page 1897-1898

A

Confused, Delirious, Comatose
Change in behavior; irritability, combativeness
signs of pt is hallucinating – this can confuse EMS by thinking its bahavioral or substance related emergency
Suspected stroke S&S – trouble walking, talking or using an arm or leg
Seizures, Constricted pupils, Tachycardia,
Hyperventilation, Low ETCO2
Low peripheral vascular resistance
Dry, red, hot skin for classic heatstroke
Pale, sweaty for exertional heatstroke

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13
Q

Heat stroke management

page 1898-1899

A

Management: If uncertain what is causing elevated temp, treat as heat stroke
Remove pt from hot environment
Start rapid cooling - total immersion of the body in cold or ice water
Spray water on pt and have air blowing on them to promote convection
Evaluate ABCDE
Start IV, administer NS, check sugar levels. Be careful with giving to much fluids
Monitor cardiac rhythm and be prepared to treat seizures

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14
Q

Mild hypothermia S&S, management

page 1903-1906

A

95F
S&S: Shivering, Fumbles – fine motor control problems
Stumbles, Mumbles
Crumbles – incoherence, hemodynamic collapse
Vague S&S: Increased heart rate, Increased resp rate
Management: Passive rewarming - removing wet clothes, drying skin, taking out of cold environment
If pt is able and depending on condition, consider letting the pt eat something to help the body generate heat
Keep the ambulance warm but not overly hot

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15
Q

Two types of heatstroke

A

Classic heat stroke
Usually occurs during heat waves
Most likely to strike very old, very young or people with reduced mobility

Exertional heatstroke
Typically an illness of young people exercising in hot and humid conditions

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16
Q

Afterdrop

A

Afterdrop is the continued lowering of the CBT even after the pt is removed from the cold. This happens from the body warming up and vasodilating which brings the cold fluids/blood back to the core.

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17
Q

Moderate hypothermia management

A

82-90F
Management:
Active external rewarming - heating blankets, focused hot air
Warmed IV fluids
Heated and humidified oxygen can help rewarm while using another method

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18
Q

Severe hypothermia management

A 
Less than 82F
Management: 
This really can only be treated in hospital
Warm IV fluids
Warm, humidified oxygen
Cardiopulmonary bypass
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19
Q

Pharmacodynamic

A

Pharmacodynamic

The study of a drug’s molecular, biochemical, and physiologic effects or actions

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20
Q

Pharmacokinetic

A

Pharmacokinetic

The study of the time course of drug absorption, distribution, metabo- lism, and excretion

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21
Q

Dopaminergic receptors

A

Is an Alpha 1 agonist

When stimulated Vasoconstriction occurs

22
Q

Dystonic reaction

A

Dystonic - muscle twitching/spasm
This is an Atypical allergic reaction to a medication
Treat with benadryl

23
Q

Anticholinergics

A

Drugs that block the action of acetylcholine

24
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Chief neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, part of the autonomic nervous system that contracts smooth muscles, dilates blood vessels, increases bodily secretions, and slows heart rate

25
Q

Anticholinergic toxicity S&S

A

S&S: Agitation, dry mucous membranes, flushed skin, hyperthermia, tachycardia, dilated pupils, blurred vision, mild hallucinations, dramatic delirium

“Hot as hell, blind as a bat, dry as a bone, red as a beet, and mad as a hatter”

26
Q

Teratogenic drug

A

Drug that can cause birth defects.

Medical science cannot always predict how exposure to a teratogenic drug will affect a developing fetus.

27
Q

Idiosyncratic reaction

A

Adverse effects that cannot be explained by the known mechanisms of action of the offending agent, do not occur at any dose in most pts, and develop mostly unpredictably in susceptible individuals only

28
Q

Therapeutic index

A

A ratio that compares the blood concentration at which a drug becomes toxic and the concentration at which the drug is effective

29
Q

Vaughn-Williams classification

A

Used to categorize antiarrhythmic drug therapy into classes based on mechanism of action

30
Q

Inotropy

A

Increasing or decreasing the force of musclar contractions

31
Q

Chronotropy

A

Adjective. affecting the rate or timing of a physiologic process

32
Q

Dromotropic

A

Affects the conductivity of cardiac muscle - used of the influence of cardiac nerves

33
Q

Snakebite management

A

Fluids
Immobilize where the snake bite is
Try to keep pt calm

34
Q

Hymenoptera order

A 
Stinging insects 
Yellow jacket
Fire ants
Bees
Wasps
Hornets

page 1927

35
Q

Simple pneumothorax S&S

A 
Difficulty breathing
Diminished/unequal breath sounds 
Agitation
AMS
Tachypnea
Tachycardia
Cyanosis
Lowered pulse oximetry
Lower BP
Absent breath sounds on affected side
36
Q

Tension pneumothorax

A 
Absent breath sounds on affected side
Unequal chest rise
Lower BP
Tachycardia
Dysrhythmias
JVD (late sign)
Narrow pulse pressure
Tracheal deviation (very late sign)
Difficult to ventilate
Hyperresonant chest wall from percussion
37
Q

Major thermal burn care

A

Fluids to replenish the plasma that can leak out of burns
Keep pts warm
Cover burn with something dry that will not stick to the wound to help reduce infection
Meds for pain management

38
Q

insensible fluid loss

A

is the term for fluid loss from the respiratory system

39
Q

SLUDGEM

A

Symptoms of nerve agents

Salivation
Lacrimation - the flow of tears
Urination
Defecation / Diarrhea 
Gastrointestinal distress
Emesis - throwing up
Miosis - pupils constriction
40
Q

Affinity

A

An attractive force between substances or particles

The attraction between two things

41
Q

Efficacy

A

The ability of an intervention (for example, a drug or surgery) to produce the desired beneficial effect

42
Q

Duration of action

A

The length of time that particular drug is effective

43
Q

Half life

A

The time needed in an average person for metabolism or elimination of 50% of a substance (medication) in the plasma.

44
Q

CCB

A

calcium channel blocker

45
Q

Schedule 1 medication

A

High abuse potential; no recognized medical purpose

Ex: Heroin, marijuana, LSD

46
Q

Schedule 2 medication

A

High abuse potential; legitimate medical purpose

Ex: Fentanyl, methylphenidate, cocaine

47
Q

Schedule 3 medication

A

Lower potential for abuse than schedule 2 meds

Ex: Hydrocodone, acetaminophen with codeine, ketamine

48
Q

Schedule 4 medication

A

Lower potential for abuse than schedule 3 drugs

Ex: diazepam, lorazepam (ativan)

49
Q

Schedule 5 medication

A

Lower potential for abuse then schedule 4 drugs

Ex: narcotic cough meds

50
Q

Med profile

A

The med profile describes all about the drugs

51
Q

TCA

A

Tricyclic antidepressant

Used to treat depression, neuropathy, and chronic pain syndromes

AEMT class (14 decks)

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