Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AEMT class > Airway > Flashcards

Airway Flashcards

1
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath

page 779

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Decrease in carbon dioxide elimination resulting in a buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

page 780

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hypocapnia

A

Increase of carbon dioxide elimination which lowers the carbon dioxide content of the blood

page 780

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Intrapulmonary Shunting

A

Blood entering the lungs from the right side of the heart bypasses the alveoli and returns to the left side of the heart in an unoxygenated state

page 781

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

After load

A

The amount of resistance against which the ventricle must contract

page 781

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Paradoxical Motion

A

When part of the chest wall moves in on inhalation and out on exhalation, Opposite normal chest movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Oxyhemoglobin / Hbo2

A

Hemoglobin that is occupied by oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Reduced Hemoglobin

A

Hemoglobin after the oxygen has been released to the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Carboxyhemoglobin / COHb

A

Hemoglobin loaded with Carbon Monoxide / CO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

BURP maneuver

A

aka Laryngeal manipulation
Backward, upward, rightward pressure is applied to the lower one-third of the thyroid cartilage
Can help improve the view of the glottic opening and vocal cords

page 838

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

L.E.M.O.N

A

L - look externally
E - evaluate 3-3-2 - 3 fingers fit in between the teeth, 3 fingers from the tip of the chin to the hyoid bone, 2 fingers distant from the hyoid bone to the thyroid notch
M - mallampati classification - how much you see of the pharynx
O - obstruction
N - neck mobility

page 829-830

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Carina

A

A ridge at the base of the trachea when it splits into 2 branches
The membrane of the carina is the most sensitive area of the trachea and larynx for triggering a cough reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mallampati classification

A

Class 1 - entire posterior pharynx is fully exposed
Class 2 - Posterior pharynx is partially exposed
Class 3 - posterior pharynx cannot be seen; base of the uvula is exposed
Class 4 - no posterior pharyngeal structures can be seen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Main risks to providers when intubating

A

Risk of infection

Exposure «< think of all the different things that could cause exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Common provider errors of intubation

A 
Not ventilating properly
Failure to anticipate a problem
Not having all equipment near by
Not double checking tube placement
Not securing pt's head/neck so ET tube is more likely to dislodge
Taking more than 30 seconds to intubate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How to clear an obstructed tracheostomy

A

Suction the trach to clear out obstructions
-hard cath suction around the outside
-soft cath suction down the tube
Common obstructions are thick secretions
Possibly need to put in an ET tube in if there is swelling around the stoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Next steps after initial ventilations are unsuccessful

A

Check for obvious obstructions like secretions
Check for swelling
Make sure the head is in a good position to have the airway open
Place OPA/NPA if needed/able
If continues to be unsuccessful, attempt supraglottic airway
If that does not work and pt is not awake open up the airway and look for an obstruction
If no obstruction is visible, attempt intubation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Indications for intubation

A

Airway control needed as a result of a coma, resp arrest, cardiac arrest
Ventilatory support before impending respiratory failure
Prolonged ventilatory support required
Absence of a gag reflex
Traumatic brain injury
Unresponsiveness
Impending airway compromise (burns, trauma)

19
Q

Main reasons why we intubate

A

To protect and secure the airway
Protect from aspiration
Have more control of the airway
Cannot secure and protect the airway by any less advanced techniques

Page 833

20
Q

Nasotracheal intubation indication

A

Pts breathing spontaneously but require definitive airway management
Intact gag reflex

page 847

21
Q

Indications / requirements for needle cricothyrotomy

A

Not able to secure an airway through any other means
Pt under the age of 8 years old (depending on protocols could go up to 12)
Burns
Facial trauma
Swelling

22
Q

Stylet - When and How

A

When - Can be used almost any time intubating
- Has mostly been replaced with the bougie
- When using VL the stylet can make the ET tube ridged and not straighten out after the bend, possibly causing damage
How - Place stylet in ET tube.
- Do //NOT// go past the end of the ET tube
- Stylet is stiff and could damage structures
- Bend the ET tube and stylet just above the cuff for easiest insertion

23
Q

Bougie - When / How

A

When - Can use it almost at any time
- Need to be cautious as to not force it in and possibly damage structures
How - Able to put it in first without the ET tube which makes it a bit easier
- Able to possibly feel the vibrations of the bumps in the trachea for a confirmation of placement
- Another confirmation is putting the bougie in until it hits the carina. If it were to continue then you are in the esophagus

24
Q

Intubating with c-spine concerns

A

Need to keep the head in a neutral position to protect c-spine
Easiest way to intubate is with video laryngoscopy
Need to make sure you just lift the jaw and not move the head

25
Q

Benefits of using a ventilator

A 
Let's whoever would be ventilating be able to perform other actions
Can't get distracted or tired
Consistent
More controls of MV and TV
Amount of oxygen can be adjusted more
26
Q

Signs of Tension pneumothorax

A

Unequal breath sounds
Unequal chest rise and fall
Difficult to ventilate
Tracheal deviation is a super late sign. If you see it, pt is probably dead

page 1017

27
Q

Indications of needle decompression

A

JVD
Hypertension
Decreased breath sounds
Uneven chest rise and fall

28
Q

Removing foreign body

A

Chest thrusts
Back slaps
Repositioning
Suction
Finger sweep ONLY if you can see an object
If pt becomes unconscious begin chest compressions
Get forceps and if pt tolerates it, go in and try to pull out or suction out the airway

29
Q

Common neuromuscular blocking agents

A 
aka paralytics
Roc - rocuronium
Succ - succinylcholine
Vec - vecuronium
Pancuronium

page 657, 863

30
Q

Common benzodiazepines

A

aka sedatives
Versed
Midazolam
Ketamine

page 658

31
Q

Why use paralytics when intubating

A

Increase first-time pass rate

Can remove gag reflex

32
Q

Common opioids

A

aka pain reliever
Fentanyl
Morphine

33
Q

Rhonchi

A

Rattling breath sounds normally found in the lower airway
Indicates thick mucus in the lungs
Most prominent on expiration

34
Q

Signs of respiratory distress

A 
Accessory muscle use or retractions
Increase breathing rate
Color changes
Grunting
Nasal flaring
Retractions
Sweating
Wheezing
Body position
35
Q

Normal PaCO2

A

35-45 mmHg

36
Q

Normal PaO2 range

A

80-100 (idk of what)

37
Q

Normal Ph range

A

7.35-7.45 (idk of what)

38
Q

Equipment needed for intubation

A

BVM, OPA/NPA, Igel, Oxygen, capnography, ET tube - multiple sizes, check for cuff inflation, Mac blade (Macintosh, curved), miller blade (straight), check light on blades, VL intubation kit, Syringe to inflate ET tube cuff, suction, PPE - eye protection, mask, gloves, Magill forceps, bougie, stylet, pain reliever, paralytic, sedative / anxiety med

39
Q

Anatomical features viewed during intubation

A

Epiglottis - flap that covers the trachea during swallowing
Vocal cords - top parts of ‘the triangle’ sometimes seen as white
Posterior cartilage - bottom part of ‘the triangle’

page 837

40
Q

Physiology of ventilation

A

aka breathing

Movement of air through the conducting passages between the atmosphere and the lungs

41
Q

Anatomical differences between pediatric and adult airways

A

Pedi
Cricoid cartilage is the narrowest part of the airway (just below the vocal cords)
Tongue is a lot larger
Jaw is a lot smaller
Epiglottis is more floppy and U-shaped
Trachea is funnel-shaped below the vocal cords making a cuff on an ET tube less necessary
Infant and small kids (up to age 5-6) have large heads so they end up in a flexed position when laying supine

page 2151

42
Q

Least to most invasive airway management

A

Nasal cannula
Simple mask
Non rebreather
CPAP/BiPAP as long as pt maintains adequate MV
BVM
NPA/OPA
Igel
Superglotic airway
ET intubation
Needle cric for less than 8 years old (depends on protocols)
Surgical cric for older than 8 years old (depends on protocols)

43
Q

Trismus

A

Clenched teeth caused by spasms of the jaw muscles

page 897

AEMT class (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions