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Epi Entrance test > Entrance test 1 > Flashcards

Entrance test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Veterinarians can cause iatrogenic infections

A

True

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2
Q

2) Arthropod borne infections are direct infections

A

False

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3
Q

3) Arthopod born infections are indirect infections

A

True

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4
Q

4) Arthropods can be involved in indirect infections.

A

True

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5
Q

5) Venereal infections is a direct infection

A

True

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6
Q

6) In the case of iatrogenic infections the infective agents are transmitted by the veterinarian

A

True

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7
Q

Drinking water cannot transmit infective agents since it is hypoosmotic

A

False

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8
Q

n case of direct infection tissues of the infected animal are contacted with tissues of the host

A

True

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9
Q

9) In the case of aerogenic infection the agents are transmitted with air.

A

True

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10
Q

10) Aerogenic infection is a form of direct infection.

A

False

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11
Q

11) In the case of aerogenic infection the agent is transmitted by the air.

A

True

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12
Q

Infective agents cannot survive in the soil, so soil cannot be a source of infection.

A

False

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13
Q

In the case of iatrogenic infection the agent is transmitted by humans

A

True

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14
Q

Direct infection happens when infected animals pass the infection with water.

A

False

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15
Q

If the arthropod is a true vector, if it brings the pathogen into a susceptible animal.

A

False

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16
Q

The arthropod is a true vector, if the pathogen also replicates in the susceptible animal.

A

True

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17
Q

17) The arthropod is a true vector, if it propagates the pathogen. T

A

True

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18
Q

The arthropod is a true vector, if it can take the pathogen to a further distance

A

False

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19
Q

Infection cannot happen through water since bacteria and viruses are inactivated in water

A

False

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20
Q

Meat is never involved in transmission of infections since fermentation of meat kills agents.

A

False

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21
Q

1) Some infective agents are transmitted with eggs. T

A

True

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22
Q

2) Germinative infection is more frequent in birds than in mammals. T

A

True

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23
Q

3) Germinative infection is very frequent in mammals F

A

False

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24
Q

4) Germinative infection is seen in mammals T

A

True

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25
Q

5) Mammals can infect their offspring through milk T

A

True

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26
Q

New-born animals cannot be infected from the milk thanks to the colostral antibodies. F

A

False

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27
Q

Intrauterine infection happens if the foetus is infected during pregnancy from the dam T

A

True

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28
Q

Vertical infection does not occur in mammals F

A

False

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29
Q

9) Horizontally infections happen only in birds F

A

False

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30
Q

10) Germinative infection is frequent in mammals, it will result in malformation of the foetuses. F

A

False

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31
Q

11) Galactogen infection cannot happen when the animals receive colostrum, since the antibodies in the colostrum prevent it. F

A

False

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32
Q

In the case of horizontal infection animals in the same group infect each other. T

A

True

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33
Q

Intra uterine infection can occur in pregnant animals. T

A

True

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34
Q

Germinative infection can happen in birds.

A

True

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35
Q

Galactogen infection is a form of horizontal infections

A

False

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36
Q

If the dam infects newborn animals, we speak about horizontal infection

A

False

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37
Q

Germinative infection can occur mainly in mammals.

A

False

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38
Q

In the case of galactogen infection the agent is transmitted by milk.

A

True

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39
Q

n the case of horizontal infection the agent is spreading between animals of about the same age

A

True

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40
Q

Horizontal infection does not occur in mammals

A

False

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41
Q

Vertical infection does not occur in mammals

A

False

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42
Q

Germinative infection does not occur in mammals.

A

False

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43
Q

Galactogen infection does not occur in mammals

A

False

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44
Q

In germinative infection, the placenta is infected by the mother during pregnancy

A

False

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45
Q

Germinative infection is a rare form of horizontal infection

A

False

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46
Q

In germinative infection, the newborn is infected through the milk.

A

False

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47
Q

Zoonotic agents can cause disease in animals and humans

A

True

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48
Q

In the case of cyclozoonoses arthropods are responsible for maintaining the infections

A

False

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49
Q

If agents are passed from animals to humans, we speak about zoonosis

A

True

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50
Q

If humans infect animals we speak about metazoonoses

A

False

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51
Q

Cyclozoonoses require an arthropod for transmission.

A

True

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52
Q

In the case of zoonotic diseases animals and humans can infect each other. T 7) In the case of saprozoonoses animals and humans are infected from the same source.

A

True

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53
Q

In case of secondary infection, a bacterium infects an individual, which is already infected with a pathogen

A

True

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54
Q

In case of secondary infection, a new pathogen infects an already cured animal

A

False

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55
Q

n case of secondary infection, two pathogens infect the host simultaneously.

A

False

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56
Q

In case of secondary infection, one of the agents is always a virus

A

False

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57
Q

1) Facultative pathogenic agents are helped by predisposing factors. T

A

True

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58
Q

2) Stenoxen agents have a wide host range. F

A

False

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59
Q

3) Euryxen agents have a wide host range T

A

True

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60
Q

4) An euryxen agent can infect several host species T

A

True

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61
Q

There is no minimum number of agents necessary to infection, because they can replicate in the host

A

False

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62
Q

Mutations generally result decrease of the virulence

A

True

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63
Q

Immunogenicity of the different agents is different

A

True

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64
Q

There is a minimum number of each agent that is necessary to infect animals

A

True

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65
Q

A minimum amount of bacteria or viruses is needed to a successful infection

A

True

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66
Q

Virulence of an agent can be characterized with its LD50 value

A

True

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67
Q

Pathogenicity means the ability of the agent to cause disease.

A

True

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68
Q

Virulence means the level of pathogenicity.

A

True

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69
Q

The amount of the agent does not influence the outcome of the infection, since it can replicate in the host.

A

False

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70
Q

In the case of optimal way of infection the least amount of agent can cause disease

A

True

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71
Q

The virulence of the agents is connected to virulence factors

A

True

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72
Q

Virulence is a stable characteristic of an agent

A

False

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73
Q

The way of the infection (entrance of the agents) can influence its outcome.

A

True

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74
Q

Virulence of a bacterium or virus can be changed spontaneously

A

True

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75
Q

In case of a secondary infection the agent complicates a primary infection.

A

True

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76
Q

Virulence of a bacterium or virus can be changed

A

True

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77
Q

The virulence factors help the agents in causing disease.

A

True

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78
Q

Virulence variants can occur within a bacterium or virus species

A

True

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79
Q

Pathogenic variants can occur within a bacterium or virus species

A

True

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80
Q

Species specific resistance can be overcome by increasing the number of agents.

A

False

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81
Q

Within a pathogenic species no avirulent strains can occur

A

False

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82
Q

Foetuses can have active immune response

A

True

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83
Q

Newborn animals have local immune response

A

True

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84
Q

Foetuses do not have immune reactions

A

False

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85
Q

Fetuses have no active immune response

A

False

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86
Q

The skin, mucous membranes and mucous are parts of the non specific resistance system of the host

A

True

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87
Q

The normal microflora of the gut is essential for animals; they cannot live without it F

A

True

88
Q

Foetuses have no immune response; they appear only in 2-4 week old animals

A

False

89
Q

The age of the animals does not influence their susceptibility to a certain agent

A

False

90
Q

Susceptibility to a disease can be influenced by age.

A

True

91
Q

Certain medicines and agents can decrease the protection of the hosts

A

True

92
Q

Species specific resistance means that certain agents cannot infect certain hosts T

A

True

93
Q

Species related resistance means that certain agents cannot cause infection in resistant host species

A

True

94
Q

Animals cannot be infected with certain agents if they have species specific resistance

A

True

95
Q

Certain animal species are resistant against certain agents

A

True

96
Q

Chicken embryos are able to produce an immune response

A

True

97
Q

Cellular immune response is very important in the case of viral diseases

A

True

98
Q

Gastric juice can protect the host from infections

A

True

99
Q

From 2nd trimester of pregnancy, the foetus produces an immune response against any antigen

A

False

100
Q

There is no immune response in the foetus, only from 4 weeks after birth

A

False

101
Q

) Unfavourable environmental effects can predispose animals to diseases caused by facultative pathogenic agents

A

True

102
Q

Nutrition of the animals can influence the appearance of infectious diseases T

A

True

103
Q

Environmental effects can influence the survival of the agents in the environment T

A

True

104
Q

Mycotoxins can suppress the activity of the immune system

A

True

105
Q

Certain mycotoxins have immune suppressive effect

A

True

106
Q

Overcrowding can help the spreading of several infectious diseases

A

True

107
Q

Deserts can inhibit the spreading of several infectious diseases.

A

True

108
Q

Viruses causing generalised diseases generally replicate at the place of entry and in the regional lymph nodes

A

True

109
Q

The lesions are at the place of entry of the agent in the case of local infections

A

True

110
Q

In the case of a local infection the site of entry and the lesions are at the same place

A

True

111
Q

Lesions can be seen in different organs in the case of generalised diseases.

A

True

112
Q

Intra uterine infection can result immune tolerance in the case of some diseases

A

True

113
Q

ntra uterine infection can result embryonic death in the case of some diseases

A

True

114
Q

Intra uterine infection does not occur since the placenta protects the foetus

A

False

115
Q

Fetuses cannot be infested since the placenta completely isolates them.

A

False

116
Q

The incubation time is the time between the appearance of the clinical signs and death of the animal

A

False

117
Q

The incubation time is the time between infection and the appearance of clinical

A

True

118
Q

The incubation time lasts from the infection till the manifestation of the clinical signs.

A

True

119
Q

Some infective agents have immunosuppressive effect

A

True

120
Q

Some infective agents can cause malformation of fetuses

A

True

121
Q

Intra uterine infections does not occur in mammals since the agents cannot penetrate the placenta.

A

False

122
Q

In the case of local infections the lesions can be seen at the site of entry.

A

True

123
Q

In the case of generalised infections the agent is generally spreading with blood

A

True

124
Q

In the case of generalised infections the placenta prevents the infection of the foetus.

A

False

125
Q

Some agents can spread along the nerves.

A

True

126
Q

1) The agent does not replicate in dead end hosts F

A

False

127
Q

Dead end hosts do not show clinical signs, they die without signS

A

False

128
Q

In the case of latent infection the agents are continuously shed

A

False

129
Q

Latent infection happens when the genome of the agent is integrated in the genome of the host

A

True

130
Q

In the case of latent infections, the agents are continually shed

A

False

131
Q

In latent infection, there is no virus shedding

A

True

132
Q

Abortion is the main clinical sign of abortive infections

A

False

133
Q

The animals do not carry the agent after recovery from an infectious disease because the immune system eliminates it.

A

False

134
Q

Tolerated infections result in high level of immune reaction.

A

False

135
Q

Infection before self-recognition of the immune system can result tolerated infections

A

True

136
Q

Infected animals have a high level of antibodies in the case of tolerated infections

A

False

137
Q

The agent is not shed in the case of inapparent infections.

A

False

138
Q

Dead end hosts do not shed the agent.

A

True

139
Q

Asymptomatic infections can become manifest

A

True

140
Q

Formation of immune complexes can be a consequence of persistent viral infection

A

True

141
Q

When the clinical signs disappear, shedding the agent is finished

A

False

142
Q

In the case of an abortive infection no clinical signs will be seen

A

False

143
Q

In the case of latent infection only mild clinical signs will be seen

A

False

144
Q

Animals with tolerated infection shed the agent

A

True

145
Q

Only animals showing clinical signs can shed infective agents

A

False

146
Q

In case of inapparent infections no clinical signs can be seen

A

True

147
Q

Latent infection is common in the case of Gram-positive bacteria

A

False

148
Q

In the case of inapperent infections seropositivity can be seen

A

True

149
Q

napparent infections cannot be detected in laboratory examinations.

A

False

150
Q

In case of abortive infection, the animal always aborts

A

False

151
Q

In case of subclinical infection, the animals can shed the agent.

A

True

152
Q

Tolerated infection can be demonstrated only by serology

A

False

153
Q

Abortive infection can be demonstrated only by serology

A

True

154
Q

During a tolerated infection the animals are seropositive

A

False

155
Q

In the case of latent infection no clinical signs can be seen

A

False

156
Q

Asymptomatic infections cannot be manifest

A

False

157
Q

Animals do not carry the agents after recovery from an infectious disease

A

False

158
Q

Mortality shows the percentage of dead animals compared to the size of the herd

A

True

159
Q

Mortality show what proportion of the diseased animals die.

A

False

160
Q

Morbidity shows the percentage of dead animals compared to the size of the herd

A

False

161
Q

Lethality shows the percentage of dead animals compared to the number of diseased ones

A

True

162
Q

Lethality shows the number of dead animals compared to the total number of the herd

A

False

163
Q

Prevalence shows the number of diseased animals compared to the total number of the herd

A

False

164
Q

Mortality shows the proportion of dead animals compared to the number of diseases ones.

A

False

165
Q

Monitoring is routine collection of data on a disease.

A

True

166
Q

Pandemic diseases are fast spreading ones; they are fast transmitted between continents

A

True

167
Q

Pandemic diseases are spreading fast around the Earth.

A

True

168
Q

Pandemic disease occurs in large areas, continents

A

True

169
Q

Endemic diseases occur in a small, limited area including a farm, some farms or a village.

A

True

170
Q

Epidemic diseases are fast spreading; they are fast transmitted between continents

A

False

171
Q

Pandemic diseases have no tendency to spread.

A

False

172
Q

Epidemic diseases are spreading in a larger geographical area e.g. in several countries.

A

True

173
Q

Contagious diseases are spreading from one animal to the other

A

True

174
Q

Lethality shows the ratio of dead animals and the total stock.

A

False

175
Q

Hemagglutination inhibition test is used for the detection of antigens of certain agents

A

False

176
Q

Genome of agents is detected with PCR

A

True

177
Q

Antigens of certain agents can be detected using PCR

A

False

178
Q

Surface antigens of certain agents are detected with ELIZA or PCR

A

False

179
Q

Infective agents can be detected 2-3days after infection using serological tests

A

False

180
Q

Virus Neutralisation test is used for the detection of antigens of the virus

A

False

181
Q

Serological tests are used for the detection of antibodies

A

True

182
Q

MATSA is used in laboratory diagnosis

A

True

183
Q

MATSA is a form of disease

A

False

184
Q

Microscopic detection of agents is not used in diagnostic work anymore

A

False

185
Q

If an animal is infected laboratory tests always detect the agent

A

False

186
Q

The phase of the pathogenicity can influence the sensitivity of the laboratory tests.

A

True

187
Q

Using serological tests, we detect the antibodies produced against the agent

A

True

188
Q

Using virus neutralization test we detect the antibodies produced against the agent.

A

True

189
Q

Polymerase chain reaction is used for the detection of antigens of the agent

A

False

190
Q

Post mortem lesions help in setting up a preliminary diagnosis

A

True

191
Q

Epidemiological data help in setting up a preliminary diagnosis.

A

True

192
Q

Microscopic examination of samples is not used in the diagnosis of infectious diseases any more

A

False

193
Q

Antibacterial treatment is forbidden in the EU in the case of viral diseases

A

False

194
Q

Individual and mass treatment can be combined in the case of some infectious diseases.

A

True

195
Q

Hyperimmune serum can be used for aetiological treatment of certain diseases

A

True

196
Q

No aetiological treatment is available in the case of viral diseases

A

False

197
Q

Mass treatment using antibiotics is not allowed in the EU

A

False

198
Q

Antibiotics can be used for the aetiological treatment in case of bacterial disease

A

True

199
Q

All bacterial agents can be eradicated with antibiotic treatment

A

False

200
Q

Antibacterial treatment is used in the case of viral diseases in order to prevent bacterial complications

A

True

201
Q

Antibiotics are used for the treatment of some viral diseases to prevent secondary infections

A

True

202
Q

Antibiotics are generally used to the aetiological treatment of diseases caused by bacteria

A

True

203
Q

Use of antibiotics in the case of diseases caused by viruses is not allowed because of antibiotic resistance

A

False

204
Q

Treatment of certain infectious diseases is prohibited.

A

True

205
Q

Symptomatic treatment is recommended because it can support healing of the diseased animals

A

True

206
Q

In case of viral diseases, no antibiotics are given

A

False

207
Q

Antibiotics may be used only until the disappearance of the clinical signs.

A

False

208
Q

There is no anti-viral therapy

A

False

209
Q

Only diseased animals have to be treated with antibiotics to prevent resistance.

A

False

210
Q

Aetiological treatment with anti-bacterial is done, in the case of bacterial diseases

A

True

211
Q

Using hyperimmune sera is usually not justifiable.

A

True

212
Q

In case of import of animals into a farm, animals in the quarantine must be tested for infections

A

True

213
Q

In case of import of animals into a farm, animals in the quarantine must only be observed, there is nothing to do with them if they do not show clinical signs

A

False

214
Q

Only eggs from the same flock are allowed to be hatches in one hatching machine

A

True

215
Q

Eggs of different species can be hatched together; they cannot infect each other thanks to the different hatching tim

A

False

Epi Entrance test (8 decks)

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