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Parasites > Entomology > Flashcards

Entomology Flashcards

1
Q

ovipar

A

lays eggs outside the female

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2
Q

vivpar

A

gives birth to larva

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3
Q

temporer

A

short term

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4
Q

stationer

A

permanent life long on host

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5
Q

parts of insets head

A

antennae
palpsy

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6
Q

difference between insects and arachnids

A

4 pairs of limbs in arachnids with no antennae or wings

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7
Q

stenoxen

A

host specific

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8
Q

morphology of lice

A

1-14mm
females are bigger
dorsoventrally flattened
9 abdominal segments
6 pairs of spiracles
No wings
No eyes

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9
Q

the chewing louse

A

head wider than thorax
chewing mouth parts ventrally
3-5 segmented antennae
no vector potential
chewing mouthparts ventrally

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10
Q

ambylvera

A

possible to hide antennae in groove

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11
Q

ischnocera

A

not possible to hide antennae

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12
Q

blood sucking louse latin

A

anoplura

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13
Q

blood sucking louse

A

head narrower than thorax
vectors for bacteria and viruses
piercing mouthpart
terminally 5 segmented antennae
single tarsal claw
whole epimorphosis takes place on the host

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14
Q

development of lice

A

epimorphosis with 3 nymphal stages

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15
Q

clinical signs of lice

A

scratching
intense grooming
hair/ fleece / feather loss
blood loss
weight loss
dermatitis
lameness

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16
Q

lice in horses

A

haematopinus asini

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17
Q

lice in cattle

A

linognathus vituli
haematoppinus eurysternus
solenopotes capillatus

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18
Q

lice in sheep

A

linognathus ovillus
l. pedalis
l. stenopsis

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19
Q

lice in pigs

A

haemodipsus ventricosus

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20
Q

lice in rat

A

polyplax spinulosa

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21
Q

lice in mouse

A

polyplas spinulosa

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22
Q

lice in man

A

pediculul humanus
pediculus capitis
phthirus pubis

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23
Q

amblycera

A

chewing or biting lice

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24
Q

ischnocera

A

chewing or biting lice

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25
Q

are fleas host specific

A

no they can suck blood from different species

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26
Q

wings of fleas

A

wingless
a 3rd pair of legs for jumping

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27
Q

are fleas vectors

A

yes for many viruses and bacteria

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28
Q

latin for fleas

A

siphonaptera

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29
Q

morphology of fleas

A

1-6mm laterally flattened, wingless
short club like antenna in a recess
piercing sucking mouth parts

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30
Q

eggs of fleas

A

take up 95% of infections
0.5mm
oviod smooth surface

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31
Q

combs of fleas

A

one ctenidium or 2 ctenidia
one on the head (genital comb , ventrally)
one on the thorax (pronotal comb, anteriorly)

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32
Q

abdominal segments of flea

A

10

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33
Q

development of flea

A

metamorphosis
3 larval forms

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34
Q

what do flea larva feed off of

A

the faeces of the adults and debris

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35
Q

difference between male and female flea

A

male sucks blood
fertilised female digs into skin becoming a pea sized module

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36
Q

what does 3rd larva of flea do

A

spins a coccoon which pupation occurs within

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37
Q

clinical signs of fleas

A

restlessness
scratching
intense grooming
anaemia
FAD

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38
Q

dogs flea hot spot

A

lumbosacral and gluteal region

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39
Q

definition of bugs

A

temporary, blood sucking, nocturnal ectoparasites of mammals, birds

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40
Q

latin for bugs

A

hemiptera

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41
Q

2 parasitic families of bugs

A

cimex
triatoma

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42
Q

is feeding temporary or permanent for parasitic bugs

A

temporary

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43
Q

morphology of bugs

A

dorsoventrally flattened
4 segmented antennae, slender
3 segmented beak and tarsus
compound eyes are small, antennae are slim

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44
Q

latin for bed bug

A

cimex lectularius

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45
Q

bed bug morphology

A

5-7mm reddish brown
scent gland
11 segmented abdomen
respiratory spiracles ventrally
blood sucking mouth parts lay ventrally

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46
Q

what time of day do bed bugs feed

A

nocturnal - feed at night
mating, egg laying, moults take place in dark cracks and crevices during the day

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47
Q

are bed bugs a vector for any disease

A

no

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48
Q

kissing bugs in latin

A

triatoma spp

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49
Q

what part of the world are bed bugs

A

worldwide

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50
Q

what part of the world are kissing bugs

A

south and central america

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51
Q

morphology of kissing bug

A

flattened with reduced forewing and membranaceous hind wing

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52
Q

are kissing bugs vectors for anything

A

trypanosomes

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53
Q

what happens during day and night of kissing bugs

A

both genders feed on blood during the night
mating, egg laying, moults take place in dark cracks and crevices during the day

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54
Q

development of kissing bugs

A

epimorphosis

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55
Q

how many nymphal stages in kissing bugs

A

5

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56
Q

diagnosis of kissing bugs

A

disageeable odour
specks of faeces
trace of blood sucking (bite)

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57
Q

lesser mealworm or darkling beetle

A

alphitobius diaperinus

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58
Q

where is the darkling beetle found

A

in feed, litter, manure, dead birds, nest of wild birds, reservoir of poultry pathogens

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59
Q

what can darkling beetles carry

A

bacteria
viruses
tapeworm

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60
Q

tunnelling activity of the darkling beetle

A

damages insulation materials of poultry houses - feeds on digestible material and chew holes in all kinds of material

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61
Q

morphology of darkling beetle

A

5mm
dark reddish brown to bright black

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62
Q

development of darkling beetle

A

holometamorphosis

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63
Q

number of larval instars in darkling beetle

A

7-11 larval instars

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64
Q

diptera order wings

A

single pair of membranous wings
pair of halteres

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65
Q

parasitic diptera

A

adults found externally
larva found in wounds, tissues and alimentary canal

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66
Q

can diptera be a vector

A

yes

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67
Q

2 suborders of diptera order

A

nematocera
brachycera

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68
Q

development of diptera

A

holometamorphosis

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69
Q

nematocera females

A

parasitic larva
mummy like pupae

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70
Q

nematocera families

A

anopheles, culex, aedes
simuliidae - simulium
psychodidae - phlebotomus
ceratopogonidae - culicoides

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71
Q

brachycera familits

A

orthorrhapha
tabanidae
cyclorrhapha
glossinidae
fannidae
muscidae

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72
Q

difference between orthorrhapha and cyclorrhapha

A

orthorrhapha - puparium is straight slit with females only drinking on blood
cyclorrhapha - puparium is circular split with both genders feed on blood larva

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73
Q

latin for mosquitoes

A

culicidae

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74
Q

morphology of mosquitoes

A

2-10mm long
slender body
long legs and wings

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75
Q

anatomy of mosquitoes of females

A

paired maxillae and mandibles
hypopharynx
labrum
pierce sucking mouthparts
fleshy labrum not entering the skin
pilose - hairy

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76
Q

anatomy of mosquitoes in males

A

reduced or absent maxillae, mandibles
long antenna
plumose - feathery in males

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77
Q

resting position of anopheles

A

characterisitically straight
acute angle with surfce

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78
Q

culex, aedes resting position

A

bended at thorax
the whole body parallel with the surface

79
Q

developement of mosquitoes

A

holometamorphosis
4 larval stages

80
Q

male vector for what dieases

81
Q

females vector for what dieases

A

yellow fever
dengue
west nile
plsmodium spp
dirofilaria ssp
heartworm

82
Q

eggs of mosquitoes

A

elongated
ovoid or boat shaped
laid in water
or in groups

83
Q

anopheles lay eggs

84
Q

culex and aedes lay eggs

A

in angle with surface

85
Q

latin for blackflies

A

simuliidae family
s. columbaschense
s. damnosum

86
Q

when are blackflies actice

A

diurnal - active during morning or early evening

87
Q

feeding of blackflies

A

females suck blood
painful bite
lacterates tissues until a pool of blood forms

88
Q

morphology of blackflies

A

1.5-6mm long
stout body
humped thorax
black
grey
yellowish brown
short, stout antenna erected forward
short mouth parts
prominent maxillary palps

89
Q

eyes of females

A

seperated - dichoptic

90
Q

eyes of males

A

closer - holoptic

91
Q

developement of blackflies

A

holometamorphosis
6-9 larval instars

92
Q

puparium in blackflies

A

mummy like
segmented cocoon
pupation within a slipper-shaped cocoon
long resp gills

93
Q

eggs of blackflies

A

ovoid
laid in batches
on stones or vegetation near running water

94
Q

clinical signs of blackflies

A

biting nuisance
mass attack may cause simuliotoxicosis
generalised petechial hemorrhages
oedema of the larynx, abdominal wall
anemia of poultry

95
Q

are blackflies a vector

A

yes females
bluetongue virus
onchocerca nematodes
trypanosoma
leucocytozoon

96
Q

latin for sandflies

A

phlebotomus

97
Q

location of sandflies

A

trpics, subtropics, mediterranean

98
Q

what do sandflies eat

A

females suck blood
both sexes feed on plant juices

99
Q

morphology of sandflies

A

5nm dull coloured
body covered in hairs
long and slender antennae erect forward
very long antennae, short mouthparts
maxillary palps

100
Q

development of sadnflies

A

holometamorphosis
4 larval instars

101
Q

eggs of sandlfies

A

ovoid
laid in cracks, burrows or holes in the ground

102
Q

are sandflies vectors

A

females can transmit and sustain bacteria and viruses and leishmania

103
Q

latin for biting midges

A

culicoides

104
Q

host specificty of biting midges

A

attack every warm blooded animal

105
Q

what do biting midges eat

A

females feed on blood
males feed on plant juices

106
Q

morphology of biting midges

A

extrememly tiny
1.5-5mm
humped thorax
mottled wings
long antenna erect forward
short mouthparts

107
Q

developement of biting midges

A

holometamorphosis
4 larval instars

108
Q

eggs of biting midges

A

slender
laid in batches in moist places

109
Q

are biting midges vectors

A

leucocytozoon
haemoproteus spp
blue tongue
schmallenberg

110
Q

clinical signs of biting midges

A

acute discomfort
irritation
sweet itch on withers and base of tail on horses
allergic dermatitis

111
Q

latin for horseflies

112
Q

when are horseflies active

A

during the day
diurnal
sunny days

113
Q

food source of horse flies

A

females feed on blood every 3-4days
warm blooded animals
males feed on nectar and pollen

114
Q

what time of day do females feed

A

in middle of day

115
Q

are horseflies vectors

A

mechanical and iological vectors
trypanosoma spp
onchocerca
equine infectious anaemia virus

116
Q

morphology of horse flies

A

large
bean shaped head
colourful eue
short segmented antennae
short mouthparts
males have no mandible

117
Q

tabanus horsefly

A

largest
antennae shoter than head
clear or brownish wings

118
Q

chrysops horsefly

A

medium size
antenna at least that long as the head
often dark bands across the wings

119
Q

haematopota horse fly

A

smaller
antennae longer than the head
head wider than horax
mottled wings
has the longest antenna

120
Q

development of horseflies

A

holometamorphosis
7-11 larval instars

121
Q

eggs of horse flies

A

eggs are cigar shaped
laid in batches

122
Q

clinical signs of horse fly

A

painful - deep bites
blood loss - lacerate vessels
wounds can attract myiasis causing flies

123
Q

latin for tsetse flies

A

glossinidae

124
Q

where are tsetse flies in the world

A

only tropical africa

125
Q

what do tsetse flies feed on

A

both sexes feed on host blood

126
Q

what are the hosts of tsetse flies

A

birds or mammals

127
Q

3 groups of tsetse flies

A

fusca
palpalis
morsitans

128
Q

where do fusca tsetse flies live

129
Q

where to palpalis tsetse flies live

A

riverrine areas

130
Q

where do tsetse flies morsitans live

131
Q

morphology of tsetse flies

A

holometamorphosis
larval development inside the egg

132
Q

how is egg in tsetse flies fertilised

A

from spermathecae within femal

133
Q

what do female tsetse flies give birth to

A

fully grown
3rd larval stage

134
Q

what does larva of tsetse flies do

A

burrow into soil and pupates then emerges to surface after 1 month

135
Q

are tsetse flies vectors

A

both sexes transmit tyrpanosoma brucei

136
Q

clinical signs of tsetse flies

A

bites are painful
irriataiton

137
Q

latin for forest or louse flies

A

hippoboscidae

138
Q

house louse fly latin

A

hippobosca equina

139
Q

house louse fly morphology

A

1cm with wings
yellow spots

140
Q

deer ked fly

A

lipoptena cervi
- lose wings after settling on host

141
Q

sheep ked fly

A

melophagus ovinus
wingless

142
Q

morphology of louse flies

A

dorsoventrally flattened
legs straddled on the side of the body
resistant to compression
reddish brown

143
Q

development of louse flies

A

hematophagous and permanent
females lay a fully grown larva
pupation takes place on host or in soil

144
Q

are louse flies vectors

A

yes
bartonella spp

145
Q

synanthropic

A

flies associated with man

146
Q

endophilic

A

flies associated with stables

147
Q

endophilic

A

live in buildings

148
Q

exophilic

A

live in pastures

149
Q

strucuture characteristics of muscoid larva

A

inner cephalopharyngeal skeleton in first segment
posterior resp spiracles on stigma plate

150
Q

antenna in muscoid larva

A

adults have arista on the third antennal segment

151
Q

life cycle of mucsoid flies

A

EGG –> 3 larvae –> pupa –> adult

152
Q

where does development of mucsoid flies occur

A

in decaying plant or animal tissues

153
Q

shape of last pupates in mucsoid flies

A

puparium is barrell shaped

154
Q

latin for house fly

A

musca domestica

155
Q

morphology of musca domestica

A

7-8mm
short lapping mouthparts

156
Q

colour of musca domestica

A

reddish brown barrel shaped pupa, yellowish abdomen of adults

157
Q

is musca domestica a vector

A

yes for other 100pathogens

158
Q

how are pathogens transmitted in musca domestica

A

saliva
faeces
on their body

159
Q

eggs of musca domestica

A

banana shaped

160
Q

segments of musca domestica

A

12 segments

161
Q

puparium of musca domestica

A

first white
then reddish brown

162
Q

generations of musca domestica

A

10-30 per year

163
Q

latin for lesser house fly

A

fannia canicularis

164
Q

morphology of fannia canicularis

A

4-6mm
yellowish spot on the first 2 abdominal segments

165
Q

where do fannia canicularis develop

A

in garbage

166
Q

larva of fannia canicularis

A

flattened
bearing lateral processed on most segments
has plumose

167
Q

puparium on fannia canicularis

A

similar
has plumose lateral processes

168
Q

where are fannia canicularis found

169
Q

vector - fannia canicularis

A

mechanical

170
Q

stable fly latin

A

stomoxys calcitrans

171
Q

morphology of stomoxys calcitrans

A

6-7mm
long projecting forward projecting proboscis
long piercing sucking mouthparts
whitish abdomen with black spots
short antenna

172
Q

where are stomoxys calcitrans found

173
Q

stomoxys calcitrans vector

A

mechanical

174
Q

what sex of stomoxys calcitrans feed on blood

A

both - hematophagous

175
Q

where do stomoxys calcitrans develop

A

decaying organic material

176
Q

how do stomoxys calcitrans attack victims

A

on lower parts —> rest on the belly or limbs of animals with the head upwards

177
Q

endophilic flies

A

house fly
lesser house fly
stable fly

178
Q

exophilic fly

A

face fly
horn fly
head fly

179
Q

latin for face fly

A

musca autumnalis

180
Q

where does musca autumnalis develop

A

in manure or bovines

181
Q

is musca autumnalis a vector

A

mechanical and biological

182
Q

what do female musca autumnalis feed on

A

secretions around the eyes, nose, mouth and wounds

183
Q

how do musca autumnalis settle

A

only temporarly on animals

184
Q

morphology of musca autumnalis

A

5-7mm resembling house fly but exophilic

185
Q

puparium of musca autumnalis

A

reamins whitish
barrell shaped
yellowish abdomen of adults
short, licking mouth parts

186
Q

latin for horn fly

A

haematobia irritans

187
Q

what sex feeds on blood in haematobia irritans

188
Q

where do haematobia irritans remain

A

around horns or on back and sides of cattle in downward pointing positions

189
Q

morphology of haematobia irritans

A

4mm
shorter proboscis
tiny and dark body
long palps and piercing mouth parts

190
Q

latin for head fly

A

hydrotaea irritans

191
Q

vector for hydrotaea irritans

A

pyogenic microbes - udder infection

192
Q

which sex feed on skin secretions in hydrotaea irritans

193
Q

larva of hydrotaea irritans

A

only 2nd larva leaves egg-shell in soil

194
Q

morphology of hydrotaea irritans

A

tiny adults with brownish wings
rest on head of animals
short sucking mouthparts

Parasites (9 decks)

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