Basic Terms

Question 1

final host

Answer 1

organism in which parasite occurs or finds suitable conditions to reach full maturity

Question 2

intermediate host

Answer 2

an animal species in which a immature infectious stage of the parasite can develop

Question 3

paratenic host

Answer 3

an organism in which the infectious larvae stay alive and accumulate
prolong lifespan of larva and promote infection of final host

Question 4

vector

Answer 4

an organism spreading the parasite either by carrying it - mechanical
or making suitable conditions for its development -biological

Question 5

Ordinary host

Answer 5

in its normal physiological conditions

Question 6

Occasional host

Answer 6

only when predisposing factors make it possible.

Question 7

STENOXENOUS PARASITE -

Answer 7

It can only establish in one (or very closely related) host species.

Question 8

EURYXENOUS PARASITE -

Answer 8

It can infect a wider range of host species

Question 9

HOMOXENOUS PARASITE -

Answer 9

Parasite, of which the life cycle involves one host species.

Question 10

HETEROXENOUS PARASITE -

Answer 10

Parasite, of which the life cycle involves more than one host species.

Question 11

HOST RANGE -

Answer 11

The range of those species, in which the (sexually) mature stage of a given parasite can
develop.

Question 12

INERMEDIATE-HOST RANGE -

Answer 12

The range of those species, in which the (sexually) immature stages can
develop.

Question 13

DIRECT DEVELOPMENT -

Answer 13

Only one host (or also paratenic host) is involved in the life cycle of the parasite

Question 14

INDIRECT DEVELOPMENT -

Answer 14

Besides the final host one or two intermediate hosts are also necessary for the
parasite to complete its life cycle.

Question 15

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES (INSTARS) -

Answer 15

Forms in the development of the parasite that are separated by
moults or ways of proliferation.

Question 16

Embryonal period (in case of nematodes):

Answer 16

from the zygote to the first stage larva (LI),

Question 17

Postembryonic period (PE)

Answer 17

from the LI to the adult (A), sexually mature parasite.

Question 18

PEL

Answer 18

from LI to the infectious larval stage (usually L3).

Question 19

PE2:

Answer 19

from the infectious larval stage (entering the host) to A.

Question 20

hypobiosis

Answer 20

Suspended PE2 of (nematode) larvae in (mainly
connective and muscle) tissues of their host (prolonged or interrupted according to such conditions, as the
immune status of the host, seasonality, etc.), usually followed by reactivation and resumption of development.

Question 21

OVIPAROUS NEMATODES -

Answer 21

Females of which are laying eggs containing a zygote.

Question 22

OVOVIVIPAROUS NEMATODES -

Answer 22

Females of which are laying eggs containing a segmented stage or LI (still
inside the egg shell).

Question 23

VIVIPAROUS NEMATODES -

Answer 23

Those laying free LI.

Question 24

PUPIPAROUS FLIES -

Answer 24

Which are laying larvae ready to pupate.

Question 25

ANTHROPOZOONOSIS -

Answer 25

Infection spreading from man to animals.

Question 26

PRAEPATENT PERIOD -

Answer 26

Time lapse from the infection of the host until the first appearance of the parasite’s
sexual products (oocysts, eggs) e.g. in the faeces.
.

Question 27

PATENT PERIOD -

Answer 27

Time lapse, during which the sexual products of the parasite are being shed.

Question 28

LATENT INFECTION -

Answer 28

When the presence of the parasite doesn’t involve detectable signs