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Bio 30 - Nervous System & Endocrine System > Entire Endocrine System > Flashcards

Entire Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

An endocrine gland that has two lobes.

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2
Q

What’s the pituitary gland controlled by?

A

Controlled by the hypothalamus through the stalk that connects them.

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3
Q

Function of Posterior Pituitary

A
  • Doesn’t produce any hormones
  • Stores and releases the hormones, ADH and Oxytocin.
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4
Q

What hormones does the Post Pituitary gland release?

A

Any Other

  • Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
  • Oxytocin (OCT)
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5
Q

How does ADH and Oxytocin get to Post. Pituitary?

A

It goes to the post pituitary through neuronal axons.

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6
Q

What hormones does the Hypothalamus produce?

A

Inhibiting and releasing hormones

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7
Q

What’s the target tissue for the hypothalamus?

A

Anterior pituitary

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8
Q

What’s the function of the hormones released from the Hypothalamus?

A
  • regulates the hormones of the anterior pituitary.
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9
Q

What hormones does the Anterior Pituitary release?

A
  • produces and released six hormones:

FL TAPH

TP FLAG:

  1. Human growth hormone (hGH)
  2. Prolactin (PRL)
  3. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  4. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  5. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  6. Legitimizing hormone (LH)
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10
Q

Target tissue for ADH

A

Kidney Tubules

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11
Q

Function of ADH

A

Increases the reabsorption of water

  • holds onto fluids in your body
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12
Q

Stimulus for the release of ADH

A

Dehydration

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13
Q

Target tissue for Oxytocin (OCT)

A
  • uterine muscles
  • mammary glands
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14
Q

Function of Oxytocin hormone

A
  • birth and milk production
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15
Q

Where is the Human Growth Hormone (hGH) produced?

A

The anterior pituitary

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16
Q

Target tissue of human growth hormone (hGH)?

A

Various tissues, affects almost every body tissue.

17
Q

Function of the hormone hGH?

A

Regulates growth development, metabolism.

18
Q

What are hGH growth factors?

A
  • hGH stimulates the liver to secrete hormones called growth factors.
19
Q

What do hGH and the growth factors increase?

A
  • protein synthesis
  • stimulate cell division - the growth of bone, tissue, cartilage, muscle (embryo).
  • increased fat metabolism
  • increased blood glucose from liver
20
Q

Stimulus for hGH?

A
  • fasting
  • sleep
  • exercise
  • stress
  • genetics
21
Q

Glands in order that are involved in the process of releasing hGH?

A
  1. Hypothalamus
  2. Anterior pituitary
  3. Various tissues
22
Q

Hormones secretes (in order) that are involved in the production of hGH.

+ Function.

A
  1. GH.RH:
  • tropic hormone
  • travels through portal system and attaches to receptors in the anterior pituitary.
  1. hGH
  • receptor in the anterior pituitary releases the growth hormone.
23
Q

Hyposecretion of hGH during childhood

A

Dwarfism (unusually short)

24
Q

Hypersecretion of hGH during childhood

A

Gigantism (unusually tall)

25
Q

Hypersecretion of hGH during adulthood

A

Acromegaly (broadening of hand, feet, face).

26
Q

What does the thyroid gland produce?

A
  • Thyroxine (T4) and Calcitonin
27
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

Beneath the larynx (voice box)

In front of the trachea (windpipe)

28
Q

What’s the primary function of the thyroid gland?

A
  • regulate metabolism, speeds up rate at which cells use energy
  • regulates growth and development
29
Q

Glands that produce thyroxine in order

A
  1. Hypothalamus
  2. Anterior pituitary
  3. Thyroid gland
30
Q

Hormones produced (in order) during the production of thyroxine

A
  1. TSH-RH or TRH
  2. TSH - Thyroid stimulating hormone
  3. Thyroxine
31
Q

What does Thyroxine (T4) target?

A

All body cells

32
Q

Function of Thyroxine (T4)

A
  • stimulates the cells of the heart, skeletal muscles, liver, and kidney to increase the rate of cellular resp.
  • plays a role in growth and development of children by influencing the organization of cells into tissues and organs.
33
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Excess thyroid secretion.

  • increased metabolic rate
  • more heat, increased temp.
  • sweating
  • fat reduction
  • increased appetite
  • weight loss
  • increased heart rate
  • hyperactive
34
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Low thyroid secretion.

  • decreased metabolic rate
  • decreased temp, feeling cold.
  • increased fat storage
  • decreased appetite
  • weight gain
  • decreased heart rate
  • tired, less active.
35
Q

Goitre

A

Thyroid enlargement

36
Q

What causes goitre?

A

Lack of iodine.

  • lack of iodine = low thyroxine
37
Q

Where is Calcitonin produced?

A

The thyroid gland.

Bio 30 - Nervous System & Endocrine System (9 decks)

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