Entire Endocrine System Flashcards
Pituitary Gland
An endocrine gland that has two lobes.
What’s the pituitary gland controlled by?
Controlled by the hypothalamus through the stalk that connects them.
Function of Posterior Pituitary
- Doesn’t produce any hormones
- Stores and releases the hormones, ADH and Oxytocin.
What hormones does the Post Pituitary gland release?
Any Other
- Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
- Oxytocin (OCT)
How does ADH and Oxytocin get to Post. Pituitary?
It goes to the post pituitary through neuronal axons.
What hormones does the Hypothalamus produce?
Inhibiting and releasing hormones
What’s the target tissue for the hypothalamus?
Anterior pituitary
What’s the function of the hormones released from the Hypothalamus?
- regulates the hormones of the anterior pituitary.
What hormones does the Anterior Pituitary release?
- produces and released six hormones:
FL TAPH
TP FLAG:
- Human growth hormone (hGH)
- Prolactin (PRL)
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Legitimizing hormone (LH)
Target tissue for ADH
Kidney Tubules
Function of ADH
Increases the reabsorption of water
- holds onto fluids in your body
Stimulus for the release of ADH
Dehydration
Target tissue for Oxytocin (OCT)
- uterine muscles
- mammary glands
Function of Oxytocin hormone
- birth and milk production
Where is the Human Growth Hormone (hGH) produced?
The anterior pituitary
Target tissue of human growth hormone (hGH)?
Various tissues, affects almost every body tissue.
Function of the hormone hGH?
Regulates growth development, metabolism.
What are hGH growth factors?
- hGH stimulates the liver to secrete hormones called growth factors.
What do hGH and the growth factors increase?
- protein synthesis
- stimulate cell division - the growth of bone, tissue, cartilage, muscle (embryo).
- increased fat metabolism
- increased blood glucose from liver
Stimulus for hGH?
- fasting
- sleep
- exercise
- stress
- genetics
Glands in order that are involved in the process of releasing hGH?
- Hypothalamus
- Anterior pituitary
- Various tissues
Hormones secretes (in order) that are involved in the production of hGH.
+ Function.
- GH.RH:
- tropic hormone
- travels through portal system and attaches to receptors in the anterior pituitary.
- hGH
- receptor in the anterior pituitary releases the growth hormone.
Hyposecretion of hGH during childhood
Dwarfism (unusually short)
Hypersecretion of hGH during childhood
Gigantism (unusually tall)
Hypersecretion of hGH during adulthood
Acromegaly (broadening of hand, feet, face).
What does the thyroid gland produce?
- Thyroxine (T4) and Calcitonin
Where is the thyroid gland located?
Beneath the larynx (voice box)
In front of the trachea (windpipe)
What’s the primary function of the thyroid gland?
- regulate metabolism, speeds up rate at which cells use energy
- regulates growth and development
Glands that produce thyroxine in order
- Hypothalamus
- Anterior pituitary
- Thyroid gland
Hormones produced (in order) during the production of thyroxine
- TSH-RH or TRH
- TSH - Thyroid stimulating hormone
- Thyroxine
What does Thyroxine (T4) target?
All body cells
Function of Thyroxine (T4)
- stimulates the cells of the heart, skeletal muscles, liver, and kidney to increase the rate of cellular resp.
- plays a role in growth and development of children by influencing the organization of cells into tissues and organs.
Hyperthyroidism
Excess thyroid secretion.
- increased metabolic rate
- more heat, increased temp.
- sweating
- fat reduction
- increased appetite
- weight loss
- increased heart rate
- hyperactive
Hypothyroidism
Low thyroid secretion.
- decreased metabolic rate
- decreased temp, feeling cold.
- increased fat storage
- decreased appetite
- weight gain
- decreased heart rate
- tired, less active.
Goitre
Thyroid enlargement
What causes goitre?
Lack of iodine.
- lack of iodine = low thyroxine
Where is Calcitonin produced?
The thyroid gland.
