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Bio 30 - Nervous System & Endocrine System > 11.1 - NS Organization, Reflexes, Neurons > Flashcards

11.1 - NS Organization, Reflexes, Neurons Flashcards

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1
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Spinal cord and brain

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2
Q

What’s the nervous system divided into?

A

The Central NS and the Peripheral NS

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3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System divides into?

A

Motor and Sensory

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4
Q

Motor divides into?

A

Autonomic NS and Somatic NS

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5
Q

Autonomic Nervous System divides into?

A

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic NS

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6
Q

What do CNS and PNS control?

A

Sensory input, integration, and motor output

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7
Q

What does the central nervous system do?

A

It integrates and processes information sent by nerves.

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8
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Includes nerves that carry sensory info to CNS, and nerves that send info to the CNS then muscles and glands.

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9
Q

Somatic System

A

Consists of sensory receptors in head and extremities, nerves carry sensory info to the CNS. Controls skeletal muscle movement.

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10
Q

Autonomic System

A

Involuntary. Controls grandiose secretions and the functioning of the smooth and cardiac muscles.

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11
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

A network of nerves that helps body deal with stress situations. “Fight-or-flight”

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12
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

A network of nerves for non-stress situations. Helps run life sustaining processes, like digestion. “Rest and digest”

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13
Q

Neurons

A

The basic structural and functional units of the nervous system.

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14
Q

Glial Cells

A

Support the activity of neutrons. Found in CNS and PNS.

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15
Q

What do glial cells do?

A

Nourish the neurons, remove the wastes, maintain homeostasis, defend against infections.

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16
Q

Nerves

A

Individual neutrons are organized into tissues called nerves

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17
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system?

A

Sensory input, integration, and motor output.

18
Q

Sensory input

A

Sensory neurons gather information from the sensory receptors (senses) and transmit these impulses to the CNS.

19
Q

Integration

A

Interneurons only found in the CNS. They act as a link between sensory and motor neurons. They process and combine incoming sensory info, and relay outgoing motor info.

20
Q

Motor Output

A

Motor neurons transmit info from the CNS to the muscles, glands, and other organs (effectors).

21
Q

Reflexes

A

Sudden, involuntary responses to certain stimuli in order to protect oneself.

22
Q

Reflex Arcs

A

Simple connections of neurons that explain reflexive behaviours.

23
Q

Order of Withdrawal Reflex

A

Stimulus, receptor, sensory neuron, inter neuron, motor neuron, effector, response.

24
Q

Interneuron

A

Found in your brain and spinal cord. Only in CNS. Sends messages within the CNS.

  • Act as an integration center, combining information.
25
Q

Sensory neuron

A

They take in external stimulus and send it to CNS. Found in sensory organs. Found in PNS.

26
Q

Motor Neuron

A

Found in CNS. Send impulses/messages away from the CNS to the effectors.

27
Q

What four common features do neurons share?

A

Dendrites, a cell body, an axon, and branching ends.

28
Q

Dendrites

A

Short branching extensions that receive nerve impulses from many other neurons, and passes it to the cell body.

29
Q

Cell body (soma)

A

Contains the nucleus.

Processes input from the dendrites, sends it to the axon.

30
Q

Axon

A

Conducts impulses away from the cell body

31
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Fatty insulating layer that encloses the axon.

32
Q

Functions of the myelin sheath?

A

It protects myelinated neurons and speeds the rate of nerve impulse transmission.

33
Q

Schwann Cell

A

A type of glial cell that forms myelin sheath.

34
Q

Axon terminal

A

The end of an axon branches into many fibers. Each terminal has a synaptic knob on it that secretes a neurotransmitter into the synapse.

35
Q

Nodes of ranvier

A

Gaps in the myelin sheath

36
Q

Function of the nodes of ranvier

A

Allows generation of fast electrical impulses along the axon.

37
Q

What’s the nervous systems function?

A
  • Coordinates all activities of the body.
  • enables the body to respond and adapt to stimuli
38
Q

Effectors

A

Muscles, glands, and other organs that respond to impulses from motor neurons.

39
Q

Sensory receptors

A

Receive stimuli and form a nerve impulse

40
Q

Skeletal muscles

A

Muscles that connect to your bones, voluntary movement.

  • sensory neurons are present here
41
Q

Where are sensory neurons present

A

Eyes, ears, and skeletal muscles

Bio 30 - Nervous System & Endocrine System (9 decks)

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