11.1 - NS Organization, Reflexes, Neurons

Question 1

Central Nervous System

Answer 1

Spinal cord and brain

Question 2

What’s the nervous system divided into?

Answer 2

The Central NS and the Peripheral NS

Question 3

Peripheral Nervous System divides into?

Answer 3

Motor and Sensory

Question 4

Motor divides into?

Answer 4

Autonomic NS and Somatic NS

Question 5

Autonomic Nervous System divides into?

Answer 5

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic NS

Question 6

What do CNS and PNS control?

Answer 6

Sensory input, integration, and motor output

Question 7

What does the central nervous system do?

Answer 7

It integrates and processes information sent by nerves.

Question 8

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 8

Includes nerves that carry sensory info to CNS, and nerves that send info to the CNS then muscles and glands.

Question 9

Somatic System

Answer 9

Consists of sensory receptors in head and extremities, nerves carry sensory info to the CNS. Controls skeletal muscle movement.

Question 10

Autonomic System

Answer 10

Involuntary. Controls grandiose secretions and the functioning of the smooth and cardiac muscles.

Question 11

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 11

A network of nerves that helps body deal with stress situations. “Fight-or-flight”

Question 12

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 12

A network of nerves for non-stress situations. Helps run life sustaining processes, like digestion. “Rest and digest”

Question 13

Neurons

Answer 13

The basic structural and functional units of the nervous system.

Question 14

Glial Cells

Answer 14

Support the activity of neutrons. Found in CNS and PNS.

Question 15

What do glial cells do?

Answer 15

Nourish the neurons, remove the wastes, maintain homeostasis, defend against infections.

Question 16

Nerves

Answer 16

Individual neutrons are organized into tissues called nerves

Question 17

What are the functions of the nervous system?

Answer 17

Sensory input, integration, and motor output.

Question 18

Sensory input

Answer 18

Sensory neurons gather information from the sensory receptors (senses) and transmit these impulses to the CNS.

Question 19

Integration

Answer 19

Interneurons only found in the CNS. They act as a link between sensory and motor neurons. They process and combine incoming sensory info, and relay outgoing motor info.

Question 20

Motor Output

Answer 20

Motor neurons transmit info from the CNS to the muscles, glands, and other organs (effectors).

Question 21

Reflexes

Answer 21

Sudden, involuntary responses to certain stimuli in order to protect oneself.

Question 22

Reflex Arcs

Answer 22

Simple connections of neurons that explain reflexive behaviours.

Question 23

Order of Withdrawal Reflex

Answer 23

Stimulus, receptor, sensory neuron, inter neuron, motor neuron, effector, response.

Question 24

Interneuron

Answer 24

Found in your brain and spinal cord. Only in CNS. Sends messages within the CNS.

• Act as an integration center, combining information.

Question 25

Sensory neuron

Answer 25

They take in external stimulus and send it to CNS. Found in sensory organs. Found in PNS.

Question 26

Motor Neuron

Answer 26

Found in CNS. Send impulses/messages away from the CNS to the effectors.

Question 27

What four common features do neurons share?

Answer 27

Dendrites, a cell body, an axon, and branching ends.

Question 28

Dendrites

Answer 28

Short branching extensions that receive nerve impulses from many other neurons, and passes it to the cell body.

Question 29

Cell body (soma)

Answer 29

Contains the nucleus. Processes input from the dendrites, sends it to the axon.

Question 30

Axon

Answer 30

Conducts impulses away from the cell body

Question 31

Myelin Sheath

Answer 31

Fatty insulating layer that encloses the axon.

Question 32

Functions of the myelin sheath?

Answer 32

It protects myelinated neurons and speeds the rate of nerve impulse transmission.

Question 33

Schwann Cell

Answer 33

A type of glial cell that forms myelin sheath.

Question 34

Axon terminal

Answer 34

The end of an axon branches into many fibers. Each terminal has a synaptic knob on it that secretes a neurotransmitter into the synapse.

Question 35

Nodes of ranvier

Answer 35

Gaps in the myelin sheath

Question 36

Function of the nodes of ranvier

Answer 36

Allows generation of fast electrical impulses along the axon.

Question 37

What’s the nervous systems function?

Answer 37

- Coordinates all activities of the body. - enables the body to respond and adapt to stimuli

Question 38

Effectors

Answer 38

Muscles, glands, and other organs that respond to impulses from motor neurons.

Question 39

Sensory receptors

Answer 39

Receive stimuli and form a nerve impulse

Question 40

Skeletal muscles

Answer 40

Muscles that connect to your bones, voluntary movement. - sensory neurons are present here

Question 41

Where are sensory neurons present

Answer 41

Eyes, ears, and skeletal muscles