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Foundations of Neuroscience > Enteric nervous system > Flashcards

Enteric nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What nervous system is the enteric a part of?

A

The 3rd division autonomic nervous system

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2
Q

What does intramural plexus mean?

A

It means the same as enteric nervous system

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3
Q

What is the enteric nervous system?

A

Intrinsic innervation of the GI tract

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4
Q

What area does the enteric nervous system cover?

A

Oesophagus to rectum

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5
Q

What size is the network of neurones?

A

80-100 million

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6
Q

Where is the enteric nervous system?

A

In two plexuses
Submucosal
Myenteric

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7
Q

Describe the submucosal plexus

A

Also known as Meissner’s plexus

Stomach and intestine only

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8
Q

Describe the myenteric plexus

A

Also know as Auerbach’s plexus

Full length of the GIT

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9
Q

Do the submucosal and myenteric plexuses interact?

A

Yes

Extensively interconnected

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10
Q

List the layers of the small intestine from the lumen moving out

A 
Lumen
Mucosa
Submucosa
Circular muscle
Longitudinal muscle
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11
Q

Where do you find the myenteric plexus?

A

Between the circular muscle and longitudinal muscle

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12
Q

Where will you find the submucosal plexus?

A

Between the submucosa and circular muscle

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13
Q

What types of neurones are present?

A

Afferent sensory neurones
Interneurones
Efferent secretomotor neurones

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14
Q

What kind of reflex is this?

A

A short reflex

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15
Q

What type of sensory neurones are present?

A

Mechanoreceptors

Chemoreceptors

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16
Q

What do interneurones do?

A

Coordinate input and output

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17
Q

What types of interneurones are present?

A

Excitatory and inhibatory

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18
Q

What neurotransmitter do excitatory interneurones use?

A

Acetylcholine

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19
Q

What neurotransmitter do inhibitory interneurones use?

A

Many various neurotransmitters

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20
Q

What do efferent neurones do?

A

Excitatory or inhibitory

They innervate motor and sensory effectors

21
Q

What are the motor effectors?

A

Smooth muscle

22
Q

What neurotransmitter do excitatory efferent neurones use?

A

Acetylcholine
Substance P
5-HT (seratonin)

23
Q

What neurotransmitter do inhibitory efferent neurones use?

A

Nitric oxide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide
Adenosine triphosphate
(more)

24
Q

What are secretory effectors?

A

Cells that secrete enzymes

25
Q

What neurotransmitter do efferent neurones from secretory effectors use?

A

Excitatory
Acetylcholine
VIP

26
Q

What three things does the enteric nervous system control?

A

Motility
Secretion
Blood flow to the gut

27
Q

What is the motor reflex in the enteric nervous system?

A

Peristalsis

28
Q

Which plexus is involved in peristalsis

A

Myenteric plexus

29
Q

How does information reach the myenteric plexus?

A

Afferent sensory neurones run from the lumen to the myenteric plexus

30
Q

How does the myenteric plexus have an effect?

A

Efferent neurones innervate the muscle layers

31
Q

What effect on the GI tract will a bolus have?

A 
Mucosal stimulation (chemoreceptor)
Distension (mechanoreceptor)
32
Q

What happens before and after the bolus?

A

Contraction behind

Relaxation in front

33
Q

How does the muscle contract?

A

Via excitatory interneurones

34
Q

How does the muscle relax?

A

Via inhibitory interneurones

35
Q

Which plexus is responsible for the secretory reflex?

A

The submucosal plexus

36
Q

How does sensory information reach the submucosal plexus?

A

Sensory afferent neurone from the lumen

37
Q

Where do efferents of the secretory reflex go?

A

From the submucosal plexus to the lumen

38
Q

List the chain of events of the secretory reflex

A

Sensory receptors (mechano and chemo)
ENS (submucosal plexus)
Secretory neurones
Secretion (mucus, enzymes or acid)

39
Q

How does the enteric nervous system affect blood flow?

A

Blood flow should increase when digesting food

Decrease when no food being digested

40
Q

Which plexus is involved in controlling blood flow?

A

Myenteric plexus

41
Q

How does the myenteric plexus affect blood flow?

A

By release of vasoactive neurotransmitters

42
Q

How does the enteric nervous system integrate with the central nervous system?

A

Via the sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways to the brain

43
Q

What kind of reflex is the involvement of the central nervous system?

A

Long reflex

44
Q

CNS influence _____ along the GIT. Give an example

A

varies
We cannot control movement of food in the oesophagus
We can control the anal sphincter

45
Q

Describe Hirschprung’s disease (megacolon)

A 
Absence of enteric nervous system neurones
Distal colon
Manifest soon after birth
No ejection of faeces
Leads to distension and colitis
46
Q

How do you treat Hirschprung’s disease

A

Remove (via surgery) the a-ganglionic section of the colon

47
Q

What is Chaga’s disease?

A

Trypanosome parasite

Releases toxin that causes neurone death

48
Q

What is IBS?

A

Dysfunctional interaction between the central nervous system and enteric nervous system

Foundations of Neuroscience (15 decks)

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