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Foundations of Neuroscience > Audition > Flashcards

Audition Flashcards

1
Q

What effects the pitch of a sound?

A

The frequency of the waves

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2
Q

What is the pinna?

A

The outer ear

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3
Q

What is the role of the pinna?

A

Directs sound

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4
Q

What is the entrance to the ear?

A

The ear canal

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5
Q

What do sounds strike?

A

The ear drum

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6
Q

What do the bones of the ear do?

A

Amplify and transmit the waves to the fluid of the inner ear

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7
Q

What is the cochlear?

A

Coiled tube

Three chambers

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8
Q

Fibres have different what?

A

Resonance frequencies

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9
Q

What happens when the fibres move?

A

They trigger the hair cells which send an impulse to the cochlear nerve

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10
Q

By what factor does the middle ear amplify sound?

A

x20

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11
Q

What is the proper name for the ear drum?

A

Tympanic membrane

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12
Q

What are the three bones of the ear?

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

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13
Q

What is the eustachian tube?

A

Connects the middle ear to the nose

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14
Q

What is the attenuation reflex?

A

Loud sound causes muscles of the middle ear to contract reducing conduction to the cochlear
This adaptation is both protective and helps discern high frequency sounds

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15
Q

What are the three chambers of the cochlear?

A

Scala vestibuli
Scala media
Scala tympani

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16
Q

What is the organ of Corti?

A

Stereocilia interact with the tectorial membrane
Stereocilia are on the surface of hair cells
Hair cells connect to auditory nerve

17
Q

What does movement of stereocilia trigger?

A

Depolarisation of hair cells

18
Q

How are different frequencies identified?

A

Very low frequency - phase locking
Intermediate frequency - phase locking and tonotopy
High frequency - tonotopy

19
Q

How is sound located?

A

Interaural delay

Interaural intensity differences

20
Q

What is the pathway of the cochlear nerve?

A 
Cochlea
Ventral cochlear nucleus
Dorsal cochlear nucleus
Superior olive
Lateral lemniscus
Inferior colliculus
Auditory cortex
21
Q

What could be causes of deafness?

A

Conduction disrupted
Obstruction of the auditory canal
Middle ear infection
Head trauma

22
Q

How would the cochlea nerve be damaged?

A

Effect of antibiotics, kanamycin and gentamicin

Damage to dorsal cochlear nucleus

23
Q

What happens if hair cells are damaged?

A

Tinitus

Noisy ear

Foundations of Neuroscience (15 decks)

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