Enteric Diseases

Question 1

What are enteric diseases?

Answer 1

-relating to or occurring in the intestines
-bacterial, viral, parasitic
-most cause diarrhea, vomiting
-some can be lethal
-very easy to get
-route fecal oral

Question 2

What is escherichia coli?

Answer 2

-found in intestines
-produces enterotoxins
-damages intestines,bloody diarrhea, vomiting
-main reservoir=cattle
-number 1 cause of food poisoning in people
-also pigs, rabbits, horses, dogs, raccoons, birds
-uncooked meat, contaminated ground beef, water runoff, produce, no pasteurized,person to person
-children, elderly, and immune compromised= long term problems or death; death in calves and foals
-fecal culture
-usually not needed; antibiotics, hospitalization
-wash produce/hands, treated water, pasteurize,cook meat

Question 3

What is cryptosporidium?

Answer 3

-usually affects young animals (calves)
-fecal oral
-fecal contaminated water food and direct contact, can be aerosolized
-fecal analysis oocysts
-treatment not usually needed
-keep enclosures dry, remove feces, disinfect, good hygiene, boil water, clean produce, pasteurize
-severe, watery diarrhea, inappetence, weight loss

Question 4

What is salmonella?

Answer 4

-causes food poisoning can be lethal
-from eating fecal contaminated foods;raw
-contact with reptiles, pocket pets, flies
-humans: usually asymptomatic, diarrhea, nausea, cramps,fever
-ruminants: fever, diarrhea,ab pain, abortion
-pigs: bloody diarrhea
-horses: abortion, arthritis, diarrhea
-fowl: raw eggs, egg shell
-fecal culture, serology
- usually not needed
-wash/boil everything you eat or drink, pasteurize, defrost, safe animal handling

Question 5

What is campylobacter?

Answer 5

-main reservoir: birds, mammals can have it too but not main
-raw poultry, feces, unpasteurized products

Question 6

What is C. Jejuni in humans?

Answer 6

-nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramping fever
-#1 cause of diarrhea in the US
-usually warmer months

Question 7

What is C. Jejuni in animals?

Answer 7

-young animals susceptible
-Cattle: diarrhea, fever, mastitis
-Sheep: abortion
-Poultry: asymptomatic reservoirs
-fecal oral
-serology
-usually not needed

Question 8

What is C. Fetus?

Answer 8

-Hosts: cattle and sheep
-transmission:
-cattle (STD): endometriosis, abortion
-sheep (oral): fetal death, endometritis, septicemia
-Humans: rare; enteritis, septicemia complication
-immediate culture, blood culture, antibody testings in secretions
-cattle tend to recover, humans need antibiotics
-sanitation, vaccines, artificial insemination

Question 9

What is Yersinia?

Answer 9

-fecal oral
-raw meat-esp pork, contaminated milk/water
-animals: mild symptoms, diarrhea
-humans: asymptomatic, diarrhea, septicemia, fatal
-Fecal culture, serology
-usually not needed, antibiotics
-cook meat,keep meat at proper temperature, pasteurize, clean water, good hygiene and sanitation

Question 10

What is clostridium perfringens?

Answer 10

-in the intestines of humans and animals
-grows very rapidly
-fecal contaminated foods
-produces an enterotoxin that causes diarrhea

Question 11

What is clostridium difficile?

Answer 11

-hosts: humans and mammals
-can be found in soil, hay, fomites
-fecal oral not usually food
-lethal to elderly
-fecal culture
-antibiotics NOT recommended, good hygiene