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Animal Health And Safety Final > Bacterial Diseases > Flashcards

Bacterial Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is Bacillus anthracite and its two life stages?

A

Anthrax
Vegetative: inside bodies; causes diseases
Spore: in environment; dormant/does not cause disease

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2
Q

What does sporulation require? What are spores?

A

-poor nutrients
- presence of o2

-very resistant
-survive for decades
- taken up by host and germinate

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3
Q

What is cutaneous anthrax?

A
  • 95% of all cases globally
  • incubation: 2-3 days
    -Spores enter body thru open wound
  • fatality rate 20%
  • untreated- sptecimia and death
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4
Q

What is gastrointestinal anthrax?

A
  • incubation: 2-5 days
    -consumption of undercooked or contaminated meat
    -fatality rate: 25-75%
    -GI anthrax not documented in the US
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5
Q

What is inhalation Anthrax?

A

-incubation 1-7 days
-initial phase: mild fever, not specific
Second phase: 2-3 days; severe respiratory distress, death in 24-36 hours
- fatality 95% untreated

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6
Q

How to diagnose anthrax in humans?

A
  • blood, skin, secretions
    -culture
    -pcr
    -nasal swab
    -Blood test (too late)
    -treatment: 60 days on antibiotics
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7
Q

What occupations are at risk for anthrax?

A

-tanneries
-textile mills
-wool sorter
-bone processors
-slaughter house
-labs
-vet staff
-mail handler
-military
-emergency response teams

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8
Q

Who gets anthrax vaccines?

A

-at rush groups; military, travelers
-5 injections over 18 week period
-annual booster

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9
Q

How to tell if an animal has anthrax poisoning?

A

-bacteria present non hemorrhage from mouth, nose, and anus

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10
Q

How do animals get anthrax?

A

-ingestion; most common in herbivores
-carnivores get it from eating contaminated meat
-inhalation
-cutaneous; insects

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11
Q

Animal symptoms of anthrax? (Ruminants, equids, pigs, carnivores)

A
  • tremors, asphyxiations, bloody discharges from orifices, bloat (sudden, violent death)
    -insect bites, fever, anorexia, colic, bloody diarrhea, swelling in neck, dyspnea, asphyxiation death (1-3 days)
    -anorexia, vomiting, throat swelling, asphyxiation death
    -mostly resistant but; fever anorexia, necrosis GI, head/neck edema, asphyxiation death
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12
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of anthrax for animals?

A

-clinical signs, samples of blood
-antibiotics
-no necropsy spores spread!
-vaccines for livestock not pets
-vaccine for cheetah and rhino

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13
Q

Disease control for animal anthrax?

A

-must be reported
-contaminated area and animals must be buried and burned
-rest of Hurd must be quarantined, possibly treated and vaccinated
-abandon pasture

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14
Q

What is Listeria monocytogens? (Hosts, transmissions, animal/human clinical signs)

A

-mammals, birds, fish, insects, water, milk/cheese, feces, nasal discharge, soil, hay
- fecal to oral
- Animal: encephalitis, depression, in coordination, segregation, facial paralysis, abortion, mastitis, death
-Human: rarely get sick; flu like symptoms develop into confusion, in coordination, convulsions, meningitis, abortion

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15
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of Listeria?

A

-Human: culture blood, spinal fluid, aborted fetus, can culture suspect food source
-Animal: brain culture of deceased
-antibiotics
- cook meat, pasteurize, avoid soft cheeses and smoked meat, hygiene

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16
Q

Recent outbreak of Listeria in the US?

A

-2011
-contaminated cantaloupe
-147 sick
-33 died

17
Q

What is one of the most common zoonotic diseases in the world?

A

Leptospirosis

18
Q

What are the common hosts of Lepto?

A

-160 mammals and humans
-mainly: rodents, raccoons, skunks, squirrels, opossums, deer

19
Q

What is the transmission of Lepto?

A

Urine via water, soil,food

20
Q

Diagnoses/ treatment of Lepto?

A
  • Human: flu like, complications, kidney, liver, heart, some recover without treatment, some cause critical illness
  • Animal: pain, bloody urine, diarrhea, abortions, anemia, congestion
    -serology
    -antibiotics
    -vaccines, hygiene
21
Q

What is Brucella?

A

-very serious
-reproductive tract main source of infection
-bacteria can live 10 weeks in dust, soil, water
-4 species

22
Q

What is B. Abortus?

A
  • usually in cattle, can be in, bison, camels, deer, horses, sheep, humans,
    -cause spontaneous abortions, testicular inflammation, arthritis
    -transmission; ingestion, STD
23
Q

What is B. Melitensis?

A

-sheep, goats
-late term abortions, mastitis
-ingestion

24
Q

What is B. Suis?

A

-pigs
-spontaneous abortions, testicular inflammation
-ingestion, STD

25
Q

What is B. Canis

A

-dogs
-late term abortions, puppy death, testicular inflammation, paralysis
-ingestion, STD
-cats are immune

26
Q

What is Brucellosis in humans?

A

-unpasteurized products, direct contact, inhaling aerosol
-flu like symptoms, weight loss, fever that spikes at night, testicular inflammation, spontaneous abortions
-recovery is spontaneous over weeks or months
-death rare

27
Q

Diagnosis/ treatment of Brucellosis?

A

-animal: serology, can’t treat
-human: blood or fluid culture, antibiotics
- not a problem in the US

28
Q

Coxiella Burnetii in animals? (Q Fever)

A

-Hosts: cattle sheep, goats, dogs,cats, sometimes ticks
-birthing fluid, placenta, milk, urine, feces, inhalation, ingestion
-animals are mainly asymptomatic carriers
-abortions/difficult birth rare

29
Q

What is Q fever in humans?

A

-infects half of those exposed
-flu like symptoms, confusion, hepatitis, endocarditis, acute of chronic
-serology
-antibiotics, anti malaria drugs
-no vaccine, practice good hygiene

30
Q

What is Tuberculosis?

A

-#1 cause of death in the world
-US has good control other countries don’t

31
Q

What is mycobacterium?

A

-tuberculosis
-aerosolized from lungs
-lungs main organ affected, other organs can be affected
-can be fatal

32
Q

What is M. Tuberculosis?

A
  • human reservoir/reverse zoonosis
    -cough, fever, chest pain, bloody phlegm
    -tb skin test
    -education, testing, hygiene
33
Q

What is M. Bovis?

A

-humans: ingestion of unpasteurized milk, raw cattle meat
-cutaneous cuts
-respiratory rare
-Animals: cattle main reservoir host
-ingestion, cutaneous scratches, aerosol, asymptomatic carriers occur
-symptoms vary between species:
*badgers can excrete it in urine and feces
*deer hunters need to be aware and safe
-skin tests in cattle/primates;serology
-antibiotics
-pasteurize, hygiene, education, surveillance programs

Animal Health And Safety Final (7 decks)

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