Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced Medical Nutrition Therapy II > Enteral Nutrition Support (part 2) > Flashcards

Enteral Nutrition Support (part 2) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

_____ formulas contain intact macronutrients

A

Polymeric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Polymeric formulas consist of…

A

-Proteins
-Polysaccharides
-Glucose polymers
-LCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Polymeric formulas require normal _____ and _____

A

Digestion and absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Polymeric formulas are nutritionally _____

A

Complete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some examples of polymeric formulas?

A

-Standard
-High nitrogen
-Fiber supplemented
-Concentrated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Calorie content of a standard polymeric formula:

A

1-1.2 kcal/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Macronutrient breakdown for a standard polymeric formula?

A

-50-60% carbohydrates
-30-35% fat
-15% protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A high-nitrogen polymeric formula has over ___% of total kcal from protein

A

15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When would a high nitrogen formula be used?

A

-Infections
-Trauma
-Surgery
-Burns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fiber-supplemented formulas contain around ____ g/L of fiber

A

15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Concentrated polymeric formulas contain ___-___ kcal/mL

A

1.5-2.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Concentrated formulas are given to patients who…

A

-Require a fluid restriction
-Have higher kcal needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Polymeric formulas can also be ____ (homemade or commercial)

A

Blenderized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Blenderized formulas are made from ____ foods and are increasing in popularity by patients and families

A

Whole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Possible advantages of blenderized formulas:

A

-Consuming the same food as family
-Health benefits from phytonutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Contraindications to using blenderized food tube feeding:

A

-Immunocompromised patients
-Tube <14 French

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

If using blenderized diet, the RDN must provide education on safe ____-___ techniques and guidance on recipe/food components

A

Food-handling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What would be included in a renal-disease specific polymeric formula?

A

-Low fluid and electrolytes
-Variable protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What would be included in a diabetes-specific polymeric formula?

A

-Lower carbohydrates and higher fat
-Contain soluble fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What would be included in a pulmonary-specific polymeric formula?

A

-Low carbohydrate, high fat
-May include extra antioxidants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is included in immune-modulating formulas?

A

-High protein (25% of total kcal)
-Fortified with immune-enhancing nutrients-> omega-3 fatty acids and arginine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

We may consider the use of immune-modulating formulas for patients with…

A

-TBI
-Major surgery
-Severe trauma
-Use caution in patients with severe sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

_____ formulas contain partially or fully hydrolyzed nutrients (protein) and decreased amount or alternative fat sources

A

Hydrolyzed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Semi-elemental formulas are partially hydrolyzed and ____-based

A

Peptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Semi-elemental formulas also usually contain ______

A

MCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Semi-elemental formulas are used for patients with ______

A

Malabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Examples of conditions where partially-hydrolyzed formulas might be used:

A

-Pancreatic insufficiency
-Crohn’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

_____ formulas are completely hydrolyzed to free amino acids

A

Elemental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Elemental formulas have minimal ____

A

Fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Elemental formulas have higher ____ than regular formulas

A

Osmolality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Using an elemental for long-term use puts someone at risk for ____ ____ ____ deficiency

A

Essential fatty acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

For those a risk of essential fatty acid deficiency, provide ____ mL of safflower oil per day via the enteral route

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

____ is affected by size and number of nutrient particles in a solution (protein, carbohydrates, and electrolytes)

A

Osmolality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Standard polymeric formulas are about _____ mOsm/kg H2O

A

300

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The more nutrient-dense or the more hydrolyzed nutrients in a formula, the _____ the osmolality

A

Higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

If administered directly into the small intestine, hyperosmolar formulas can cause:

A

-Abdominal distention
-Diarrhea

37
Q

Modular products are composed of individual modules such as…

A

-Protein
-Arginine
-Glutamine
-Fiber
-Fat

38
Q

Modular products are used to modify pre-existing ____ formulas or foods

A

Commercial

39
Q

Factors to consider when selecting enteral nutrition formulas:

A

-Functional status of the GIT
-Nutritional needs of the patient
-Physical characteristics of the formula: osmolality, viscosity
-Cost of the formula

40
Q

What types of protein are used in polymeric formulas?

A

-Intact proteins (caseinates, whey protein concentrates, soy protein isolate)

41
Q

What types of proteins are used in semi-elemental formulas?

A

-Hydrolyzed casein or whey (oligopeptides, dipeptides, tripeptides)

42
Q

What type of protein is used in elemental formulas?

A

-Crystalline
-L-amino acids

43
Q

The amount of protein in formula varies from ___-___% of total kcal

A

7-25

44
Q

What are things to consider with protein in formulas?

A

-Food allergies
-Maldigestion/malabsorption
-Most are gluten-free

45
Q

The amount of carbohydrates in formula varies between ____-____% of kcal

A

28-90

46
Q

What are sources of starch that are used in formula?

A

-Maltodextrin, corn syrup solids
-Hydrolyzed cornstarch

47
Q

Most formulas are _____ free

A

Lactose

48
Q

In formulas that contain insoluble fiber, _____ fiber is usually used

A

Soy

49
Q

What types of soluble fiber are included in formulas with fiber?

A

-Pectin
-Guar gum

50
Q

Soluble fiber has a trophic affect on colon mucosa and may help to decrease ____ and delay gastric emptying

A

Diarrhea

51
Q

____-____ are prebiotic fibers that are fermented to small-chain fatty acids and play a role in maintaining colonic mucosal integrity

A

Fructo-oligosaccharides

52
Q

What are sources of fat used in formula?

A

-Vegetable oils (canola or soy oil)
-Fish oil (omega-3 fatty acids)
-MCT oil (fat malabsorption)

53
Q

The amount of fat in formula varies from ___-___% of kcal

A

2-55

54
Q

Lower fat formulas are ____ formulas

A

Elemental

55
Q

Higher fat formulas are ____ and ____ specific formulas

A

Pulmonary and diabetic

56
Q

To prevent essential fatty acid deficiency, we must provide at least…

A

-4% of total kcal needs from linoleic acid OR
-10% of total kcal needs from lipid

57
Q

Most enteral nutrition formulas meet the ____ for micronutrients for the healthy population

A

DRIs

58
Q

Micronutrient adjustments may be necessary with conditions like…

A

-Wound healing
-Increased losses
-Electrolytes often need to be restricted in renal failure

59
Q

Free ____ amounts vary with the formula type

A

Water

60
Q

1.0-1.2 kcal/mL formula contains about ____% free water

A

85

61
Q

1.5 kcal/mL formula contains about ____% free water

A

75

62
Q

2.0 kcal/mL formula provides about _____% free water

A

70

63
Q

A closed feeding system is composed of ____ containers that are pre-filled with formula

A

Sterile

64
Q

Advantages of closed feeding systems:

A

-Minimize problems with contamination
-Reduced time and labor

65
Q

____ feeding systems require the contents of formula cans to be poured into a bag or container

A

Open

66
Q

With ____ feeding, the formula is administered at a constant steady rate over a 24 hour period

A

Continuous

67
Q

Indications of continuous feeding:

A

-Initiating tube feeding
-Critical illness
-Small bowel feedings
-At risk for refeeding syndrome
-Intolerance to bolus or intermittent feedings

68
Q

Continuous feeding is provided using an ____ ____

A

Infusion pump

69
Q

Advantage of continuous feeding:

A

-Best tolerated administration method

70
Q

Disadvantages of continuous feeding:

A

-Continuously being connected to a pump
-Not physiological
-High cost for people at home

71
Q

____ feeding is continuous tube feeding over 8-20 hours via infusion pump

A

Cyclic

72
Q

Cyclic feeding is usually _____ tube feedings and then off during the day

A

Nocturnal

73
Q

Indications of cyclic feeding:

A

-Patient at home requiring small bowel feeding
-Transitioning to an oral diet but with a questionable appetite

74
Q

Advantage of cyclic feeding:

A

-Physical and physiological freedom from equipment for a period of each day per day

75
Q

Disadvantages of cyclic feeding:

A

-Requires higher infusion rate over a shorter period of time-> possible GI intolerance due to higher rate
-Need calorie and protein-dense formulas (more expensive)
-Requires pump

76
Q

____ feeding is administered with a syringe

A

Bolus

77
Q

Bolus feeding requires ____-____ feedings per day over a short period of time (5-10 minutes)

A

3-6

78
Q

The max amount per feeding should be ____ mL per feeding

A

500

79
Q

Indications of bolus feedings:

A

-Medically stable
-Home or rehabilitation patient
-Independent patients

80
Q

Bolus feeding can be given if someone gets _____ feeding

A

Gastric

81
Q

Advantages of bolus feeding:

A

-Ease of administration; decreased time
-Patients can adjust feedings to their schedule
-More physiologic
-Less expensive

82
Q

Disadvantages of bolus feeding:

A

-Higher risk of GI intolerance
-Higher risk of aspiration
-Cannot use with small bowel feeding

83
Q

______ feeding is infused at specific intervals throughout the day by gravity drip or infusion pump

A

Intermittent

84
Q

Someone on intermittent feeding should get ___-___ feedings throughout the day

A

4-6

85
Q

Intermittent feeding is usually ____-____ mL administered over 20-60 minutes

A

240-720

86
Q

Indications for intermittent feeding:

A

-Medically stable
-Home and rehabilitation settings
-Gastric feeding only

87
Q

Advantages of intermittent tube feeding:

A

-More flexible schedule (compared to continuous)
-Less expensive than continuous or cyclic (if gravity drip)
-More physiologic
-May be better tolerated than bolus

88
Q

Disadvantages of intermittent tube feeding:

A

-Increased risk of GI distress and discomfort (compared to continuous)
-Increased risk of aspiration (compared to continuous)
-If gravity drip, cannot use a fiber-containing formula

89
Q

Factors to consider to determine administration method of tube feeding:

A

-Enteral access route
-Patient condition
-GI function; GI tolerance of tube feeding
-Patient’s mobility and independence level

Advanced Medical Nutrition Therapy II (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions