ENT Drugs Flashcards
Cerumenolytics
Acetic Acid
Hydrogen Peroxide
Almond Oil
Carbamide Peroxide*
3 Treatments for Diffuse Acute Otitis Externa
- Acetic Acid + Rubbing Alcohol (1:1)
- Finafloxacin
- Acetic Acid Otic Solution 2%
3 Treatments for Dizziness
- Scopalamine (anticholinergic)
2. Antihistamine (Dimenhydrenate, Meclizine)
Anticholinergic Toxidrome
Hot as Hades, Fast as a Hare, Dry as a Bone, Red as Beet, Mad as a Hatter, Full as a Tick, Blind as a Bat
Epinephrine MOA
Functional antagonist to histamine-induced bronchoconstriction
- Alpha agonist (sympathetic stim - prevents excess vasodilation and vascular permeability)
- Beta 2 agonist (relax smooth muscle)
1st generation Antihistamines MOA
Competitive H1 receptor antagonist (some inverse agonists)
1st gen antihistamine ADRs
Anticholinergic effects
(Dry mouth, urinalysis retention, tachycardia)
Alpha blocker effects
(Hypotension, dizziness)
Serotonin blocker effects
(Increase appetite)
1st gen antihistamines, list
Meclizine (Bonine)
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
Diphenhydramine (benadryl)
Hydroxyzine
“-AMINE”
“-INE”
Second gen antihistamines
Loratadine (Claratin, Alavert) Desloratadine (Clarinex) Fexofenadine (Allegra) Cetirizine (Zyrtec) Levocetirizine (Xyzal)
2nd gen antihistamines that silk cause drowsiness
Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
levocetirizine (xyzal)
Bc they cross BBB
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
ADRs
Headache, cough, URI, fever, back pain, dysmenorrhea
Drug Interactions
Erythromycin, grapefruit juice, antacids, Mg
**adjust dose for renal insufficiency **
H1 receptor actions
Smooth muscle - contracts
Endothelium - vasodilation
Brain - Stims hormone release, nerve endings (itching)
CNS - stims nerve endings (itching)
H2 actions
Gastric mucosa - increase secretion
Cardiac muscle - chronotropic / ionotropic
Mast cells
Brain
H3 receptor actions
CNS
Peripheral nerves
Inhibits neurotransmitter release
H4 receptor actions
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
T cells
Cytokine release
Cellular shape change
Chemotaxis
