Antibiotics Flashcards
List classes of antibiotics commonly used
- Sulfacetamides
- Fluoroquinolones
- Macrolides
- Aminoglycosides
- Polymyxins
SFMAP (Some Fat Mamas Are Pretty)
PAMFS
Sulfacetamides
- Bacterial Conjunctivitis, ointment and drops
- Broad-Spectrum Bacteriostatic
- MOA: Prevents nucleic acid synthesis via Competitive Inhibition
- ADRs
1. Reacts w SILVER
2. Corneal ulcers, local irritation
3. Many ppl allergic
List 3 Fluoroquinolones
- Levofloxacin
- Ciprofloxacin
- Ofloxacin
Fluoroquinolones
- Broad Spectrum
- Esp. for Pseudomonas / Corneal Ulcers from dirty contacts
- MOA: Inhibits DNA gyrase
List 2 Macrolides
- Azithromycin (solution)
2. Erythromycin (ointment)
Macrolides
- Broad Spectrum
- *especially for gonorrhea / chlamydia**
- also for acute bacterial ocular infections
- Inhibits bacterial protein synth
Zpack = Azithromycin
**Azithromycin is “go-to” for neonatal prophylaxis to gonorrhea or chlamydia **
List 3 Aminoglycosides
- Gentamycin
- Tobramycin
- Tobramycin + dexamethasone (Tobradex)
Aminoglycosides
- Broad Spectrum
- some resistance to Gentamycin, still susceptible to Tobramycin**
- For topical ocular infections
- Contraindicated for fungal, viral, or mycobacterial infections!!
- Rare ADRs: thrombocytopenia, hallucinations
Trimethoprim / Polymyxin b
- *Little systemic absorption**
- For Acute conjunctivitis AND blepharitis, superficial ocular infections
Trimethoprim for gram + / -
- inhibits bacteria nucleic acid production (like sulfas)
Polymyxin for gram -
- increases bacterial cell permeability
Bacitracin / Polymyxin b
- *ointment**
- For superficial conjunctival or corneal infections
- Bacitracin for gram +
- Polymyxin for gram -
Which antibiotics have an interaction with silver?
Sulfacetamides
Which antibiotics are often used for patients with pseudomonas infections from dirty contact lenses?
Fluoroquinolones
- Ciprofloxacin
- Ofloxacin
- Levofloxacin
Which antibiotic is best for gonorrhea or chlamydia infections - particularly neonatal prophylaxis?
Macrolides
- Azithromycin (neonatal prophylaxis)
- Erythromycin
Which antibiotics are especially contraindicated for fungal, viral, or mycobacterial infections?
Tobramycin + dexamethasone (Tobradex)
Aminoglycoside + steroid
Which antibiotic could be used for ocular inflammatory conditions in which there is a risk of bacterial infection?
Tobradex (aminoglycoside + steroid)
Which antibiotics are best for superficial (blepharitis, corneal, conjunctival) infections?
Polymyxin ointments
Only commercially available topical Ocular Antifungal
Natamycin
- derived from streptomyces natalensis
- accumulates in corneal stroma
