ENT

Question 1

Pathophysiology of sialadenosis

Answer 1

Abnormal autonomic innervation of salivary glands

Accumulation of secretary granules in acinar cells

Question 2

Complication of malignant otitis externa (2)

Answer 2

Osteomyelitis of skull base
CN 7 palsy
—-> facial dropping

Question 3

Define otosclerosis

Answer 3

Abnormal remodelling of otic capsule secondary to autoimmmune process.

Stapes fixed to oval window

Females>males.(20-30 yrs old)

Question 4

Ct scan of otosclerosis

Answer 4

Lucent focus in the temporal bone near oval window.

Question 5

Characteristic of autism

Answer 5

Repetitive behavior

Behavior rigidity

Question 6

Characteristics of herpangina

Answer 6

Vesicles on tonsils and soft palate secondary to coxsackie virus

Question 7

How does cholesteatoma occur?

Answer 7

Chronic middle ear discharge —> formation of retraction pocket in tympanic membrane—> filled with granulation tissue and skin debris.

Question 8

Complications of cholesteatoma (5)

Answer 8

Hearing loss
CN palsies
Vertigo 
Brain abcess 
Meningitis

Question 9

Rx for otitis media

Answer 9

B/L: amoxicillin

U/L: ibuprofen and observation

Question 10

When is tympanostomy tube placed?

Answer 10

> 3 episodes in 6 mo

>4 episodes in 12 mo

Question 11

Diagnostic criteria of acute rhinosinusitis

Answer 11

1 of 3
Worsening sms after initial improvement
F > 102 degree F + dx > 3 days
Persistent sms >10 days without improvement

Question 12

Causes of acute rhinosinusitis

Answer 12

Strept pneumonia

Non typable H influenza

Question 13

Mgt Ménière’s disease

Answer 13

1. Restrict salt,caffeine,nicotine,alcohol
2. Benzodiazepines, antihistaminics, antiemetics
3. Diuretics

Question 14

Pathophysiology of laryngomalacia

Answer 14

Increased laxity of supraglottic structures

Question 15

Dx of vascular ring

Answer 15

Barium swallow —> MRA

Question 16

Complication of AERD

Answer 16

Nasal polyps

Question 17

Pathophysiology of serous otitis media

Answer 17

HIV,

LAP\obstructive lymphomas—> auditory tube dysfunction

Question 18

Characteristics of serous otitis media

Answer 18

Middle ear effusion without acute infection

Question 19

Serous otitis media on examination shows…

Answer 19

Dull hypomobile tympanic membrane