ENT

Question 1

What is spasmodic croup?

What is the potency of dexamethasone compared to prednisolone?

Answer 1

Effects 7- 12 years

25% more potent

Question 2

Treating Acute otitis media with effusion?

Answer 2

Effusion resolves within 3/12

Question 3

Treatment of AOM

Answer 3

watch and wait unless:

<2yrs
cochlear implant
where patient unlikely to come back

Question 4

Complications of AOM

Answer 4

mastoiditis
Brain access
venous sinus thrombosis

Question 5

What’s chronic otitis media?

Answer 5

effusion present for >3months

Retraction of the tympanic membrane, can result in erosion and damage to ossicles,
precursor to cholasteoma

Question 6

Treatment of COM

Answer 6

Criteria for treatment
>3 months 
damage to Tympanic Membrane 
damage to Ossicles 
bilateral hearing loss 

Medical
-Abx for 4/52, Otrovent

Surgical
- Grommets

Question 7

How do grommets work?

Answer 7

Allows aeration of middle ear (resolves the glue ear) resolves the conductive hearing loss.
Aeration stops the negative middle ear pressure so TM retraction stops

Question 8

What’s a cholesteatoma?

Answer 8

Growth of keratinizing squamous epithelial cells in the middle ear
(erosive & expansile)

Congenital
Acquired

Question 9

Complications of cholesteatoma?

Answer 9

Erosion of TM, ossicles, facial nerve

Question 10

When to refer Children with

otitis media

Answer 10

persistent bilat glue ear for >3months resulting in hearing loss, changes to TM

Speech or language delay

Frequent episodes of AOM 3-4 per 6 months

Chronic ear discharge (?cholesteatoma)

Atelectasis or suspect of cholesteatoma

Hearing loss