Cardiology

Question 1

What are cardiac conditions that can be missed at birth and why?

Answer 1

VSD
-may not have a murmur as pulmonary vascular resistance still high (therefore R>L shunt). As decrease in resistance murmur more audible (therefore recheck at 6wks of age)

Coarctation of the aorta (may miss at the 6 week check swell)
- if ductus arterioles is still open, will have flow therefore femoral still palpable

Question 2

When does the ductus arteriosus close?

Answer 2

Functional closure 1st 24 hrs

Permanently closure at 2-3 weeks of age

Question 3

What are the features of a pathological murmur?

Answer 3

diastolic
loud & continuous
other systemic features

Question 4

What are the features of an innocent murmur?

Answer 4

systolic
grade 2-3/6
musical
changes with body position (more audible with laying, then sitting, may disappear on standing)

Question 5

What are the common cardiac conditions

Answer 5

VSD
PDA
ASD
Pulmonary valve stenosis 
Aortic Stenosis 
Coarctation of aorta 
Tetralogy of ballot 
Transposition of great arteries

Question 6

What is Tetralogy of Fallot?

Answer 6

Interventricular septum displaced to midline causing outflow obstruction

• VSD
• Pulmonary Stenosis
• RVH
• Overiding aorta (aorta sits above VSD)