ENT

Question 1

Loss of red reflex means?

Answer 1

Cataracts

Question 2

If a patient has a painless lump on the upper lid – dx?

Answer 2

Chalazion

Question 3

A patient with a red eye with watery discharge – what is the cause?

Answer 3

Adenovirus causes viral conjunctivitis!!

Question 4

How do we treat a corneal abrasion?

Answer 4

Erythromycin ointment – DO NOT PATCH OR GIVE STEROIDS!

FLOROQUINOLONES for contact lens wearers

Question 5

What should we always do when we suspect a corneal abrasion? What are we ruling out?

Answer 5

Florescein dye – R/O corneal ulcer caused by herpes!

Question 6

If a patient loses their peripheral vision – what do we think of? Dx?

Answer 6

Glaucoma IOP >25

Question 7

If a patient has a sudden onset of a painful eye that is extremely tender, with a hazy cornea, and a fixed pupil – dx? Tx?

Answer 7

Closed-angle glaucoma

Tx with emergent topical BB

Question 8

Your 65 male patient who is a smoker presents with central vision loss. You note drusen on PE – what are you thinking? How do you Dx? Tx?

Answer 8

Macular degeneration

Dx with amsler grid

Tx supportive – vitamin C, E, zinc, and copper

Question 9

If a patient has floaters and flashers, with painless loss of vision (like a curtain being drawn) – Dx?

Answer 9

Retinal detachment

Question 10

If you look in the eyes and se arteriolar narrowing, copper/silver wiring, and nicking think…?

Answer 10

Hypertensive retinopathy

Question 11

IF you see microaneurysms and retinal hemorrhages on eye exams think…?

Answer 11

Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy

Question 12

If you see neovascularization on eye exam think…?

Answer 12

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Question 13

How to treat otitis media?

Answer 13

Amoxicillin

Augmentin or Bactrim for resistance
If PCN allergy give cephalosporin or macrolide

Question 14

Causes of otitis media?

Answer 14

strep pneumonia, H flu, Moraxella, and strep pyogenes

Question 15

How do you diagnose vertigo? How do you tx it?

Answer 15

Dx with dix-hallpike

Tx with Epley

Question 16

If a patient has vertigo, tinnitius, and low range hearing loss – dx? Tx?

Answer 16

Meniere’s disease

Tx with low-sodium diet & diuretics

Question 17

If a patient has dizziness, tinnitus, and unilateral Sensorineural hearing loss – dx?

Answer 17

Acoustic neuroma (schwann cell benign tumor)

Question 18

No sound in one ear on the weber test indicates?

Answer 18

Sensorineural hearing loss

Question 19

What’s the CENTOR criteria?

Answer 19

Fever

tender anterior LAD

tonsillar swelling/exudate

absence of cough

Question 20

How do we treat acute pharyngitis?

Answer 20

Oral PCN

Erythromycin or macrolide for PCN allergy

Question 21

How do we treat sinusitis?

Answer 21

Augmentin

PCN allergy = Doxy

Question 22

if someone has a hx of nasal polyps can you give then ASA?

Answer 22

nope

can cause bronchospasms = Samter triad

Question 23

Cause of epiglottitis? Dx? Tx?

Answer 23

Cause is Haemophilus influenza

Dx with thumb sign

Tx with IC cefuroximine (of Bactrim + steroids)

Question 24

Stages of pertussis?

Answer 24

Catarrahal – most infectious (7-10 days)

Paroxysmal – whoop (2-6 weeks)

Convalescent (weeks to months)

Question 25

how do we treat pertussis?

Answer 25

Azithromycin

Question 26

If a child has a seal like barking cough what is the cause? Dx? Tx?

Answer 26

Parainfluenza virus

Dx with steeple sign

Tx with dexamethasone or nebulized epi

Question 27

A cold that develops into respiratory distress is most likey what? Caused by?

Answer 27

Bronchiolitis

Caused by RSV