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Family Med I EOR Exam > CARDIO > Flashcards

CARDIO Flashcards

1
Q

If a patient has lower extremity pain that is worse with prolonged standing or sitting & better with leg elevation and walking what dx? Tx?

A

Venous insufficiency

Tx with compression, leg elevation, and exercise

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2
Q

If a patient has lower extremity pain that is wore with walking and relieved with rest what dx? Tx?

A

Peripheral artery disease

Tx with colpidogrel and Aspirin

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3
Q

Who should be treated with a high dose statin?

A

Atherosclerotic disease, LDL >190 + family Hx, Diabetic + LDL>190

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4
Q

Side effect of statin therapy?

A

Rhabdo!!

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5
Q

How do you treat rheumatic fever?

A

PCN (or cephalosporin)

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6
Q

What are the sxs of pericarditis? Tx?

A

P’s! Persistent, pleuritic, postural, and pericardial friction rub

Tx with NSAID & ASA

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7
Q

How do we distinguish pericarditis from tamponade and MI’s?

A

Echo! If you see wall motion tenderness think Tamponade

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8
Q

How do you tx tamponade?

A

Pericardiocentesis

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9
Q

What cardiomyopathy involves systolic dysfunction? Tx?

A

Dilated

Tx with ACE & Diuretics

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10
Q

What cardiomyopathy is associated with sudden cardiac death?

A

Hypertrophic

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11
Q

What cardiomyopathy is associated with diastolic dysfunction?

A

Hypertrophic (Septum is enlarged)

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12
Q

When would you see pulsus alternans?

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

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13
Q

When would you see bisferens carotid pulse?

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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14
Q

If a patient has continuous PVC’s for longer than 30 seconds at a rate greater than 100 and they are stable – what Dx? Tx?

A

Ventricular tachycardia

Tx with Amiodarone

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15
Q

What if your patient is in vtach and they are unstable but have a pulse?

A

Synchronized cardiovert

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16
Q

What if your patient is in vtach and they are unstable without a pulse?

A

Defibrillate/CPR (like Vfib)

17
Q

How can you treat torsades?

A

IV Magnesium

18
Q

If a patient is stable and has a sudden onset of a racing heart and EKG shows HR >100 that’s regular and narrow – what dx? Tx?

A

PSVT

Tx with Valsalva or carotid massage or ADENOSINE

19
Q

What if your patient in PSVT is unstable? What must you ALWAYS rule out with PSVT?

A

Unstable = cardiovert

MUST rule out WPW

20
Q

How do you tx WPW?

A

Amiodarone

21
Q

How do you treat Aflutter?

A

CCB – ablation is definitive

22
Q

If the PR interval is progressively lengthening until the heart fails to produce a p wave or QRS complex – what Dx?

A

Mobitz 1

23
Q

Continuously dropped beats without PR interval lengthening – what dx?

A

Mobitz 2

24
Q

What is Rate control for Afib?

A

CCB (Diltiazem or Verapamil)

25
Q

What is rhythm for Afib?

A

DC cardiovert – but NOT IF IT HAS BEEN LONGER THAN 48 HOURS

26
Q

What medication reduces afterload in HF?

A

ACE inhibitors

27
Q

What medication reduceds preload in HF?

A

Diuretics

28
Q

Side effect of Lisinopril? Alternative medication?

A

Cough! Can try an ARB

29
Q

Side effect of diuretics? Alternative med?

A

Drop in K levels

Can switch to spironolactone or eplernone

30
Q

A diabetic with HTN should be placed on what kind of med?

A

ACE/ARB

31
Q

A patient with heart failure, ischemia, or CAD + HTN should be placed on what kind of medications?

A

Beta blocker or ACE

32
Q

A patient with Angina or hyperthyroidism + HTN should be placed on?

A

Beta blockers

33
Q

A patient with raynauds with HTN should use what kind of med?

A

CCB

34
Q

At what levels do patients become stage 2 HTN? What does that mean?

A

160+/100+

They will most likely need 2 meds to treat their HTN. ONE WILL BE A DIURETIC

35
Q

What is the drug of choice for HTN?

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

36
Q

Can you use a dihydropyridine (verapamil and diltiazem) with a statin?

A

NO

37
Q

What’s the DOC for HTN in pregnancy?

A

Methyldopa

38
Q

When would we not use a thiazide?

A

someone with an MI, pregnant women, CKD

39
Q

When would we use a BB for HTN treatment?

A

MI, CAD, and diabetes

Family Med I EOR Exam (9 decks)

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