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► Med - Step 2 > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

clue for epiglotitis(3)

A

sore throat
difficulty swallowing
fever

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2
Q

harsh shrill in epiglotitis

A

stridor

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3
Q

most common bugs causing epiglottis(2)

A

Hi flu

strep pyogenes

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4
Q

why epilotitis is an emergency?

A

risk of airway obstruction

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5
Q

how to perform rine test

A

place a tuning fork on mastoid

than when the patient cannot feel it put it in front of ear

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6
Q

interpretatin of rine test normal

A

air conducted sound should be heard twice as long as bone conducted sound

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7
Q

abnormal rine test

A

bone conducted sound is longer than air conducted sound

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8
Q

importance of rine test

A

detect conductive hearing problem

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9
Q

weber test

A

helps differentiate conductive from sensorineural problem

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10
Q

how to perform weber test(2)

A

tuning fork is placed on forehead

sound must be equal for both ears

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11
Q

weber test loudest to the left(lateralisation to the left)

A

conductive problem in the left

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12
Q

why conductive problem gives lateralisation to the left

A

because the affected ear is cutt off from the external noise

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13
Q

weber in sensorineural problem

A

lateralisation to the unaffected ear

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14
Q

interpretation of weber(2)

A

loudest sound can mean conductive problem in the lateralized ear
can also mean sensorineural problem in the opposite ear

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15
Q

cause of conductive hearing loss(4)

A

cerumen impaction
middle ear fluid or infection
otosclerosis
bone tumor in the middle ear

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16
Q

Quid of otosclerosis(2)

A

decreased movements of small bones of the ear

stapes foot plate become fixed to the oval window

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17
Q

Rx of otosclerosis(2)

A

hearing amplification

surgical stapedectomy

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18
Q

age for otosclerosis

A

20’ 30’

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19
Q

clue for leukoplakia

A

granular white patch in oral mucosae

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20
Q

risk factor of leukoplakia(2)

A

smoke

alcohol

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21
Q

complication of leukoplakia

A

squamous celle carcinoma in ten years

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22
Q

patient with fever chills difficulty swallowing sore throat muffled voice dx?

A

peritonsillar abcess

epiglotitis

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23
Q

clinical clue for peritonsillar abces helping differentiate it from epiglotitis

A

deviation of the uvula

unilateral lymphadenopathy

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24
Q

rx en urgence de peritonsillar abcess and why?(2)

A

needle peritonsillar aspiration

to prevent airway obstruction

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25
Q

dx for a patinet with recurrent mouth ulcer and abdominal pain

A

chron

26
Q

work up for chron(4)

A

Abdominal CT
small bowell fluoroscopic study
endoscopy
biopsy

27
Q

biopsy in chron (2)

A

granuloma

30% des cas

28
Q

HIV patient with hearing problem

A

serous otitis media

29
Q

physical exam for serous otitis media(2)

A

dull

hypomobile tympannic membrane

30
Q

cause of serous otitis media in HIV

A

non infectious

auditory tube dysfunction by lymphadenopathy or obstruting lymphoma

31
Q

type of hearing loss in serous otitis media

A

conductive

32
Q

clue for presbycusis(3)

A

older people
60’
decreased hearing ability

33
Q

risk factor for presbycusis(5)

A 
age
genetics
medication
history of infection
exposure to loud noise
34
Q

characteristic for pesbycusis

A

difficulty hearinf in noisy crowded environment

35
Q

ototoxic medication(2)

A

furosemide

aminoglycoside

36
Q

risk to have ototoxicity with furosemide(2)

A

renal failure

concomitant use of gentamycine

37
Q

right sided ear pain in patient with normal physical exam and history of grinding teeth

A

temporomandibular joint dysjunction

38
Q

Meniere disease cause

A

abnormal accumulation of endolymphe in inner ear

39
Q

clue for menniere(5)

A 
vertigo
tinnitus
sensorineural hearing loss
nystagmus
ear fullness
40
Q

trigger of menniere(4)

A

salt
alcohol
caffeine
nicotine

41
Q

medication to treat menniere

A

diuretics
anticholinergic
antihistamines

42
Q

first measure in menniere(2)

A

lifestyle modification

salt restriction less than 2 a 3 g de sel par jour

43
Q

If lifestyle fails in menniere what to do

A

medication

44
Q

quid of vertigo

A

spinning sensation with nausea

45
Q

wheezing after ingestion of aspirin

A

aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease

46
Q

what is always associated with aspin induced respiratory disease

A

nasal polyps

47
Q

triad for AERD

A

bland tasting food
recurrent nasal discharge
nasal polyps

48
Q

complication of malignant externa otitis

A

skull osteomyelitis

facial nerve destruction

49
Q

dx of complicated otitis externa malignant(2)

A

MRI or

CT

50
Q

RX of Malignant externa otitis and bugs in cause(2)

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

ciprox

51
Q

patient develops neck pain and impossibilty bof open mouth after being scrathed the back of the throat by chicken bone

A

retropharyngeal abcess

52
Q

Dx of retro pharyngeal abcess

A

CT of neck

lateral xrays of neck

53
Q

rx of retro pharyngeal abcess

A

antibio

surgical drainage

54
Q

quid of trismus

A

inability to open mouth

55
Q

why retro pharyngeal abcess is an emergency

A

because of risk of mediastinitis

56
Q

which neck space involvement carries the higher risk for mediastinitis?

A

retropharyngeal space

57
Q

why retropharyngeal space is called danger zone

A

high risk of medistinitis

58
Q

quid of ludwig angina

A

submandibular space infection

don’t cause mediastinitis

59
Q

diabetes with ear pain and granulation tissue in external ear

A

Malignant otitis externa

60
Q

rx of malignant otitis externa

A

systemic ciprox

► Med - Step 2 (20 decks)

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