ENT

Question 1

clue for epiglotitis(3)

Answer 1

sore throat
difficulty swallowing
fever

Question 2

harsh shrill in epiglotitis

Answer 2

stridor

Question 3

most common bugs causing epiglottis(2)

Answer 3

Hi flu

strep pyogenes

Question 4

why epilotitis is an emergency?

Answer 4

risk of airway obstruction

Question 5

how to perform rine test

Answer 5

place a tuning fork on mastoid

than when the patient cannot feel it put it in front of ear

Question 6

interpretatin of rine test normal

Answer 6

air conducted sound should be heard twice as long as bone conducted sound

Question 7

abnormal rine test

Answer 7

bone conducted sound is longer than air conducted sound

Question 8

importance of rine test

Answer 8

detect conductive hearing problem

Question 9

weber test

Answer 9

helps differentiate conductive from sensorineural problem

Question 10

how to perform weber test(2)

Answer 10

tuning fork is placed on forehead

sound must be equal for both ears

Question 11

weber test loudest to the left(lateralisation to the left)

Answer 11

conductive problem in the left

Question 12

why conductive problem gives lateralisation to the left

Answer 12

because the affected ear is cutt off from the external noise

Question 13

weber in sensorineural problem

Answer 13

lateralisation to the unaffected ear

Question 14

interpretation of weber(2)

Answer 14

loudest sound can mean conductive problem in the lateralized ear
can also mean sensorineural problem in the opposite ear

Question 15

cause of conductive hearing loss(4)

Answer 15

cerumen impaction
middle ear fluid or infection
otosclerosis
bone tumor in the middle ear

Question 16

Quid of otosclerosis(2)

Answer 16

decreased movements of small bones of the ear

stapes foot plate become fixed to the oval window

Question 17

Rx of otosclerosis(2)

Answer 17

hearing amplification

surgical stapedectomy

Question 18

age for otosclerosis

Answer 18

20’ 30’

Question 19

clue for leukoplakia

Answer 19

granular white patch in oral mucosae

Question 20

risk factor of leukoplakia(2)

Answer 20

smoke

alcohol

Question 21

complication of leukoplakia

Answer 21

squamous celle carcinoma in ten years

Question 22

patient with fever chills difficulty swallowing sore throat muffled voice dx?

Answer 22

peritonsillar abcess

epiglotitis

Question 23

clinical clue for peritonsillar abces helping differentiate it from epiglotitis

Answer 23

deviation of the uvula

unilateral lymphadenopathy

Question 24

rx en urgence de peritonsillar abcess and why?(2)

Answer 24

needle peritonsillar aspiration

to prevent airway obstruction

Question 25

dx for a patinet with recurrent mouth ulcer and abdominal pain

Answer 25

chron

Question 26

work up for chron(4)

Answer 26

Abdominal CT small bowell fluoroscopic study endoscopy biopsy

Question 27

biopsy in chron (2)

Answer 27

granuloma | 30% des cas

Question 28

HIV patient with hearing problem

Answer 28

serous otitis media

Question 29

physical exam for serous otitis media(2)

Answer 29

dull | hypomobile tympannic membrane

Question 30

cause of serous otitis media in HIV

Answer 30

non infectious | auditory tube dysfunction by lymphadenopathy or obstruting lymphoma

Question 31

type of hearing loss in serous otitis media

Answer 31

conductive

Question 32

clue for presbycusis(3)

Answer 32

older people 60' decreased hearing ability

Question 33

risk factor for presbycusis(5)

Answer 33

``` age genetics medication history of infection exposure to loud noise ```

Question 34

characteristic for pesbycusis

Answer 34

difficulty hearinf in noisy crowded environment

Question 35

ototoxic medication(2)

Answer 35

furosemide | aminoglycoside

Question 36

risk to have ototoxicity with furosemide(2)

Answer 36

renal failure | concomitant use of gentamycine

Question 37

right sided ear pain in patient with normal physical exam and history of grinding teeth

Answer 37

temporomandibular joint dysjunction

Question 38

Meniere disease cause

Answer 38

abnormal accumulation of endolymphe in inner ear

Question 39

clue for menniere(5)

Answer 39

``` vertigo tinnitus sensorineural hearing loss nystagmus ear fullness ```

Question 40

trigger of menniere(4)

Answer 40

salt alcohol caffeine nicotine

Question 41

medication to treat menniere

Answer 41

diuretics anticholinergic antihistamines

Question 42

first measure in menniere(2)

Answer 42

lifestyle modification | salt restriction less than 2 a 3 g de sel par jour

Question 43

If lifestyle fails in menniere what to do

Answer 43

medication

Question 44

quid of vertigo

Answer 44

spinning sensation with nausea

Question 45

wheezing after ingestion of aspirin

Answer 45

aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease

Question 46

what is always associated with aspin induced respiratory disease

Answer 46

nasal polyps

Question 47

triad for AERD

Answer 47

bland tasting food recurrent nasal discharge nasal polyps

Question 48

complication of malignant externa otitis

Answer 48

skull osteomyelitis | facial nerve destruction

Question 49

dx of complicated otitis externa malignant(2)

Answer 49

MRI or | CT

Question 50

RX of Malignant externa otitis and bugs in cause(2)

Answer 50

pseudomonas aeruginosa | ciprox

Question 51

patient develops neck pain and impossibilty bof open mouth after being scrathed the back of the throat by chicken bone

Answer 51

retropharyngeal abcess

Question 52

Dx of retro pharyngeal abcess

Answer 52

CT of neck | lateral xrays of neck

Question 53

rx of retro pharyngeal abcess

Answer 53

antibio | surgical drainage

Question 54

quid of trismus

Answer 54

inability to open mouth

Question 55

why retro pharyngeal abcess is an emergency

Answer 55

because of risk of mediastinitis

Question 56

which neck space involvement carries the higher risk for mediastinitis?

Answer 56

retropharyngeal space

Question 57

why retropharyngeal space is called danger zone

Answer 57

high risk of medistinitis

Question 58

quid of ludwig angina

Answer 58

submandibular space infection | don't cause mediastinitis

Question 59

diabetes with ear pain and granulation tissue in external ear

Answer 59

Malignant otitis externa

Question 60

rx of malignant otitis externa

Answer 60

systemic ciprox