ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Common causes, resolution, diagnosis and management ASOM

A
  1. Very common, most self limiting, spontaneous resolution in 80% in 24-48 hours.
  2. Viral infections, H influenza, S pneumonia and Moraxella catarrhalis
  3. Acute onset, MEE->bulding, limited movement, air fluid level, perforation or redness
  4. Antibiotic therapy usually recommended in ATSI due to suppurative complications
  5. it is estimated that up to 20 children must be treated at first presentation to prevent pain in one child at 2 to 7 days.
  6. For every 14 children treated with antibiotic therapy, one child will experience an adverse drug reaction such as vomiting, diarrhoea or rash.
  7. W/O systemic

>6mo->symptomatic, >2 days/worsens consider antibiotics/wait and see script

<6mo->symptomatic, r/v in 24 hours, if B/L/discharge->antibiotics

  1. W/ systemic->high fever, vomiting, lethargy

Amoxycillin 15mg/kg up to 500mg tds or 5 days. If no response after 48 hours, amoxyclav

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Risk factors for recurrent bacterial OM

A

Risk factors for recurrent bacterial otitis media include:

  1. exposure to smoke (cigarettes, wood fires)
  2. group child care
  3. allergic rhinitis
  4. adenoid disease
  5. various structural anomalies, such as cleft palate and Down syndrome.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is otitis media with effusion, traditional management, referral

A

Presence of middle ear effusion for longer than 3 months

  1. Visible loss of lucency of tympanic membrane
  2. Visible grey-white/blue fluid
  3. An immobile tympanic membrane w/ dilated vessels

Treatment

  1. Grommets->ventilation tube
  2. Optomise learning
  3. Modify risk factors

Referral

  1. Effusion > 3 months w/ speech delay or educational handicap
  2. Effusion > 3 months, audiometry showing bilateral hearing loss
  3. Structural damage to tympanic membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define CSOM, complications, management

A
  1. Infection of middle ear w/ perforated eardrum and discharge at least 6 weeks
  2. Can cause hearing impairment
  3. Can lead to mastoiditis, intracranial infections

Management

  1. Dry aural toilet
  2. Ear drops->ciprofloxacin ear drops BD until free of D/C for at least 3 days
  3. May require hearing aid, grommet, addenoidectomy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mastoiditis

A
  1. Following ASOM
  2. May have subperiosteal abscess, may develop IC abscess
  3. Requires admission, IV antibiotics, fluid, analgesia, follow up.
  4. May require mastoid surgery w/ grommet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is cholesteatoma

A
  1. Keratinising squamous epithelium
  2. Skin in incorrect place
  3. Offensive discharge
  4. Conductive hearing loss
  5. Serious complications
  6. Surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Complications of periorbital cellulitis

A
  1. Chandlers classification
  2. Potential orbital abscess
  3. Loss of red/green discrimination
  4. Permanent optic neuroppathy damage in 1 hour
  5. Requires urgent drainage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly