ENT

Question 1

Pain with movement of pinna. Edema, erythema and purulent (white) otorrhea of the external ear. Dx? Rx? Prvention

Answer 1

Caused by( S. aures and Psuedomonas.) Otitis Externa. Topical Otic Preparation. Where ear plugs while swimming.

Question 2

Name the 2 complications and treatments for otitis media with effusion.

Answer 2

1. Acute mastoiditis - displacement of the pinna. CT scan of temporal bone. Rx: Myringotomy and IV abx. 2. Acquired cholesteatome - cys like growth of the middle ear. CT scan. Rx: tympanomastoid surgery.

Question 3

Cyanosis while trying to breath and baby turns pink while crying. Dx? Test? Rx?

Answer 3

Choanal atresia. Cant pass catherter through nose. Fiber optic rhinoscopy. Establish oral airway and place stents.

Question 4

Child presents with bloody, malodorous discharge from nose. Dx? Rx?

Answer 4

Foreign body placed in nose. Need needle nose forceps.

Question 5

Pt presents with repeated episodes of nosebleeds. Dx? What is the most common area for this? Rx?

Answer 5

Epitaxis. Anterior Septum. Allergy, Dry air, nose picking and Inflammation. Local Oxymetazolone or phenylephrine. Anterior nasal packing. Cautery.

Question 6

Grape like masses seen in nasal cavity. Most common in CF patients. In a child <12 yrs of age suspect CF even if they lack other symptoms. Rx?

Answer 6

Nasal Polyps. Intranasal steroids to shrink.

Question 7

Persistent URI without and improvement of symptoms or Severe respiratory symptoms with purulent discharge and temperature at least 102 for at least 3 consecutive days. Dx? Rx?

Answer 7

Bacterial Sinusitis (S. pnuemonia, or Aureus Moraxella, Nontypable HIB) Rx: Amoxicillin 10 days.

Question 8

Name 2 main bugs that cause pharyngitis.

Answer 8

Group A beta hemolytic strept and Cosackie A (Hand foot and mouth disesase.)

Question 9

Complicaiton of Acute pharyngitis presents with neck stiffness, torticollis, refusal to move neck and muffled voice. Dx? What is seen on physical exam ? Rx?

Answer 9

Retropharyngeal or lateral pharyngeal abscess. You will see bulging of the posterior and lateral pharyngeal wall. Rx. IV abx and I and D.

Question 10

Complication of acute pharyngitis that presents with Assymetric tonsilar bulge with displacement of the uvla away from the affected side. Dx? Rx?

Answer 10

Peritonsilar abscess. Abx and needle aspiration if reccurent attacks need tonsillectomy.

Question 11

A decrease in visual acuity in one or both eyes caused by blurred retinal images which leads to failure of the visual cortex to develop. Dx? Test? Rx?

Answer 11

Amblyopia. Visual Acuity Testing. Remove the pathology ie cataract, corrective lenses, patching.

Question 12

Deviation or misalignment of the eye. Dx? Test? Rx?

Answer 12

Strabismus. Conreal Light reflex (light is off the center in one pupil) Prescription glasses, eye muscle surgery.

Question 13

Loss of vision, pain with extraocular motion. Inflammation of the optic nerve leads to color deficits and motion deficits. Dx? Rx?

Answer 13

Optic Neuritis. IV Steroids.

Question 14

Overgrowth of the stapes footplate. Dx?

Answer 14

Otosclerosis

Question 15

Male adolescent presents with epitaxis, localized mass and erosion. Dx?

Answer 15

Angiofibroma

Question 16

Inspiratory stridor that improves with neck extension. Dx?

Answer 16

Vascular ring. may have 3/6 murmur associated with it.

Question 17

Most common complication after rhinoplasty?

Answer 17

Naso septal perforation. MJ had a nasal septal perforation.

Question 18

Next step in management when you suspect head and neck cancer?

Answer 18

Panedescopy : bronchoscopy, esphogascopy and endoscopy

Question 19

Sudden loss of tinnitus followed by hearing loss. Hearing loss ends within 2 weeks. Dx?

Answer 19

Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss SSNHL.