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PANCE 2024 > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Most common source and causes of viral conjunctivitis

A

Swimming pools

Adenovirus

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2
Q

What type of LAD is common in viral conjunctivitis

A

Preauricular

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3
Q

Describe viral conjunctivitis discharge

A

Watery or mucous can cause minimal crusting

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4
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis is an ____ mediated disease

A

IgE ; with mast cell activation and production of histamine and tryptase

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5
Q

How does allergic conjunctivitis present

A

Gritty sensation
Bilateral chemo sis // injection
Rhinorrhea
Sneezing

STRINGY COBBLE-STONING MUCOSA

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6
Q

BACTERIAL conjunctivitis with contact lens wear you want to consider what

A

Pseudomonas infection

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7
Q

If bacterial conjunctivitis is due to HIB or strep how long will they likely be effected

A

5 weeks

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8
Q

Patients often wake up how with bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Eyes glued shut!

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9
Q

Psuedomonas bacterial conjunctivitis is treated how

A

FQ

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10
Q

Gonoccal or chlamydia conjunctivitis is treated how

A

G = Ceftriaxone

C = Tetracycline

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11
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis is rarely what?

A

Pruritic

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12
Q

MC cause of optic neuritis and what other 2 things should you think

A

MS

Sarcoid and recent viral infection

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13
Q

What age range is commonly effected by optic neuritis

A

20-40 yr old women

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14
Q

What is positive funcdoscopic for option neuritis

A

Enlarged optic disk [edema]

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15
Q

What color vision is lost in optic neuritis

A

Red

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16
Q

What is the defect in optic neuritis

A

RAPD +
[MARCUS GUNN PUPIL]
Relevant affarent pupillary defect

Pupil unilateral weak constriction ; with contralateral bilateral decreased constriction ability

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17
Q

If yo suspect MS in optic neuritis do what?

A

Get MRI ; might have periventricular patches

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18
Q

Mainstay optic neuritis treatment

A

Corticosteriods

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19
Q

Most common cause of orbital cellulitis

A

Bacterial sinusitis @ the Ethmoid sinus by Staph. A

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20
Q

Orbital cellulitis often has what

A

Diplopia + affarent pupillary defect

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21
Q

Image of choice in orbital cellulitis

A

High Res CT

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22
Q

Difference between wet and dry aged macular degeneration

A

Wet = Rapid onset FLOOD of vision loss [neovascular]

Dry = Drusen bodies with vision loss [atrophic]

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23
Q

Metamorphosia is really common in what

A

Orbital cellulitis

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24
Q

Who gets intravitreal anti-VEGf injection?

A

Wet Aged Macular Degeneration

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25
Q

3 types and most common retinal detachment

A

Rhegmatogenous = MC

Tractional

Serous

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26
Q

How does retinal detachment happen

A

Hole in the retina

Influx of fluid behind the retina and epithelium

Causes separation between the retina and pigment epithelium

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27
Q

Patients with retinal detachment often have __ and present s/p

A

Myopia

Cataracts surgery

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28
Q

Sxs of retinal detachment

A

Curtain over unilateral visual field

Flashes and floaters

PAINLESS

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29
Q

Pigments found in the anterior chamber associated with retinal detachment is often called

A

Schaffer’s sign

+ also have dull red reflex

30
Q

Describe corneal ulcer on flourescein stain

A

Sharply demarcated ragged grey boarder

31
Q

Best treatment for bacterial corneal ulcer

A

Refer to Optho!

Topical FQ

32
Q

Is eye patch recommended in corneal abrasion

33
Q

What muscle is effected in orbital blow out fracture

A

Inferior rectus

34
Q

3 key signs of orbital blow out fracture

A

Double vision on upward gaze

Periorbital ecchymosis

Facial numbness

35
Q

Patient education in mild blow out fracture

A

Avoid nose blowing

Sleep with head elevated

36
Q

A positive Seidel test indicates

A

Globe rupture

Leakage of aqueous humor from the anterior chamber

37
Q

Management globe rupture

A

Get them to ortho

Prophylactic tetanus and antibiotics

PATCH

38
Q

Age 25-74 leading cause of vision loss

39
Q

Cotton wool spots, exudates, microhemmorhage, abnormal vascularization [NON PROLIFERATIVE]

A

Diabetic retinopathy

40
Q

What does papilledema look like

A

Blurred disc margins

41
Q

PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

A

LOOKS LIKE NEOVASCULARIZATION

42
Q

MANAMGENET of non vs. proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

Non = laser photo COAG and vitrectomy

Proliferative = anti-vegf

43
Q

Patho of acute angle closure gluacoma

A

Flow of aqueous humor drainage blocked = increase pressure in anterior chamber pushes on the vitreous posterior chamber and pressure on optic nerve.

44
Q

PE findings for acute angel closure glaucoma

A

Hazy cornea + severe unilateral pain + fixed mid dilated pupil + conjunctival injection with ciliary flush

45
Q

Central retinal artery occlusion

A

Cherry red spot on fovea

Pale retina

46
Q

Central retinal vein occlusion

A

Blood and THUNDER

47
Q

Anterior uveitis

A

Small irregular pupil
pain and redness

48
Q

Gold standard diagnostic for AACG

A

Goinometry with tonomotry showing increase ICP

49
Q

Emergent management of AACG

A

Topical B blockers

Alpha 2 adrenergic

Cholinergic

IV aceteozolamide

50
Q

Tunnel vision with ___ and ____ = chronic angle closure gluacoma

A

Central vision loss and Disc Cupping

51
Q

First line for glaucoma [chronic]

A

Topical prostaglandins to lower IOP

52
Q

Vestibular neuritis vs. Labrynthitis

A

Both post viral infection

Vestibular = only vestibular effected ; sudden onset ; prolonged severe vertigo

Labrynthitis = hearing loss because cochlear as well

53
Q

HINTS exam positive head impulse =

A

Peripheral cause away from affected side

Horizontal nystagmus towards the unaffected ear

54
Q

BPPV

A

Less than one minute of vertigo

Sxs are worse with MOVEMENT

55
Q

Meniers disease triad

A

Tinnutus

Veritgo [ lasting longer than 20 mins x2 episodes]

Sensorineural hearing loss

might have unsteady gait

56
Q

A management for Meniers disease

A

Low sodium diet

Intratympanic gentamycin

57
Q

Posterior nose bleed common artery

A

Splenopalentine artery

58
Q

Epistaxis with hemoptysis and or hematemisis think

A

Posterior bleed

59
Q

Manangement anterior epistaxis

A

Direct pressure Tamponade
Topical vasoconstriction [phenlyephrine // oxymetazoline ]
Anterior packing

60
Q

How does allergic rhinitis present

A

Pale boggy nasal turbinates
Nasal polyps
Allergic sauté
Allergic shiner

61
Q

Management allergic rhinitis

A

Fluticasone propionate
Bedesonide

INCC
Antihistamines

AVOID EXPOSURE

62
Q

When is sinusitis likely bacterial

A

Sxs persist for 10 days

63
Q

When should you get a CT for sinusitis

A

Only if severe case

64
Q

Dont forget what as risk factor for thrush

A

Inhaled CC use

65
Q

Oral hair leukoplakia you’re thinking

A

EBV-Mono in HIV patients

66
Q

Most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis

67
Q

GA strep usually has what 3 things

A

Anterior Cervical LAD
Tonsillar exudates
ABSENT COUGH

68
Q

What age do you add 1 for center criteria

A

Less than 15

69
Q

GA strep pharyngitis treatment and alternate

A

Penc V K+ or Amoxicillin

Allergies = Azithromycin

70
Q

PTAs get what and what management for how long

A

I & D

ABX for 14 days

PANCE 2024 (15 decks)

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