ENT Flashcards
What are the three types of rhinitis?
What is the most common overall?
Allergic: most common type overall - IgE mediated
Infectious: Rhinovirus most common cause
Vasomotor: nonallergic and noninfectious dilation of the blood vessels
Contact lens wearers are at an increased risk of what bacterial etiology conjunctivitis?
What is the treatment?
Pseudomonas
Topical Ciprofloxacin or Ofloxacin
What is the most common risk factor associated with keratitis (corneal ulcer)?
What is the treatment of a corneal ulcer?
Improper contact lens use; most commonly overnight
Topical Fluorquinalone w/ same day optho apt. Do not patch eye.
What is the difference between vestibular neuronitis and labyrinthitis?
The part of Cranial Nerve VIII (vestibularcochlear nerve) affected
Vestibular neuronitis: inflammation of the vestibular portion of CN VIII
Labyrinthitis: inflammation of the vestibular and cochlear portion of CN VIII
What antihistamine can be used for symptomatic relief of dizziness associated with inflammation of CN VIII?
Meclizine
Anticholinergics or benzodiazepines can also be helpful
A 71-year-old man with a history of ischemic stroke and hypertension presents to the emergency department for nasal bleeding. He takes clopidogrel 75 mg daily, hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg daily, and lisinopril 40 mg daily. He reports the bleeding started this morning while he was watching the news. He reports the amount of blood filled up a small bowl he was holding under his nose until the ambulance came to pick him up. He reports no prior history of nosebleeds. Vital signs today include HR of 99 bpm, BP of 164/94 mm Hg, RR of 18/min, oxygen saturation of 98% on room air, and T of 98.4°F. Upon physical exam, the patient is alert and oriented × 3, airway is open but blood is noted in the posterior pharynx. He appears pale. What is the diagnosis?
Where is the bleeding occuring from?
What is the best treatment?
Posterior Epitaxis
Woodruffs Plexus
Balloon Catheter
Which anatomic location is the most common cause of anterior epistaxis?
Keisselbach plexus
A 40-year-old man with no significant medical history presents to his primary care office for evaluation of ongoing clear rhinorrhea and watery eyes for about 5 days. The patient reports frequent sneezing and nasal itchiness. He notes having similar symptoms every spring. His vital signs are HR of 70 bpm, RR of 13/min, BP of 128/82 mm Hg, T of 98.2°F, oxygen saturation of 99% on room air, and BMI of 33.7 kg/m2. On exam, his nasal mucosa is pale with boggy nasal turbinates. There is a horizontal skin crease noted above his nostrils. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for this patient’s condition?
Nasal Steroid
