Dermatology Flashcards
A 30-year-old woman presents to the clinic with an erythematous lesion on her trunk. The lesion has central clearing with an advancing peripheral border. It is erythematous, scaling, and pruritic. Potassium hydroxide preparation shows segmented hyphae. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Tinea Corporis
What endocrine disorder is highly associated with Acanthrosis Nigracans?
What is the typical presentation of acanthrosis nigracans?
PCOS
dark, velvety patches in body folds and creases
What bacteria is most associated with acne?
cutibacterium
What are the treatment stages of acne?
- Mild: topical treatment with salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, retinoids, or tretinoin
- Moderate: mild treatment + oral antibiotics (minocycline, doxycycline) or Spironolactone
- Severe: Isotretinoin
What are the adverse effects of oral isotretonoin?
Dry skin, Dry lips, increased triglycerides, impaired liver function, and increased cholesterol
Need to obtain labs to monitor cholesterol and LFTs
Catagory X Drug: Teratogenic. Need to obtain pregnancy test prior to initation and during treatment. Two forms of birth control.
What is the treatment of cellulitis?
Describe the borders of cellulitis?
Cephalexin or Dicloxacilin
flat and not well demarcated borders
What pemphigoid disorder is associated with a positive Nikolsky sign?
Pemphigus Vulgaris
Bullous pemphigoid has a negative Nikolsky
What are the different etiologies of cellulitis?
Caused by Staphylococcus and Streptococcus in adults
H. influenzae or strep pneumonia in children
What is the most common etiology of cellulitis?
Streptococcus
What is the first line treatment for nummular exzema?
High-dose topical steroids
What is another name for seborrheic dermatitis?
What is the treatment for seborrheic dermatitis?
Craddle Cap
In adults can appear on face, chest, or scalp
Ketoconazole shampoo
A 17-year-old male patient presents with a 2-day history of a rash on the right flank. It is painful and appears blistered in some areas. The right flank became painful a few days before the onset of the rash. He is current on immunizations. He had chicken pox at age 3. He has been well recently. Past medical history is unremarkable, and he has no known drug allergies. Physical examination shows a vesiculobullous rash on the right flank in a continuous band from the middle of the back spreading around to the mid-axillary line. No other lesions are present. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is the treatment?
Herpes Zoster
Oral Acyclovir
What is the actual name for measles?
Rubeola
What is the first-line medical treatment in patients with rosacea?
Topical Mitronidazole
A 42-year-old woman presents to the clinic with a lesion on her chest. She first noticed the lesion about a year ago, but it has gotten larger and darker since then. She reports no other lesions, pain, or itching. She states she does not use sunblock regularly and occasionally goes to tanning beds during the winter months. Her medical history includes several moderately dysplastic nevi, and her only medication is a combination oral contraceptive. She does not smoke. Her vital signs include a T of 98.8°F, BP of 118/72 mm Hg, RR of 13/min, HR of 75 bpm, and oxygen saturation of 100% on room air. A skin biopsy of the skin lesion is performed, and pathology results show melanocytes with hyperchromatic nuclei and nests of melanocytes along the dermal-epidermal junction. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Melanoma
