ENT Flashcards

1
Q

organism croup

A

parainfluezna

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2
Q

age and onset croup

A

6 month - 3 years // more common in autumn

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3
Q

symptoms croup

A

stridor, barking cough, fever, cold symptoms

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4
Q

symptoms moderate croup

A

barking cough // audible stridor at rest // sternal retraction at rest // no distress // playing and interested in surroundings

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5
Q

symptoms severe croup

A

barking cough // insp stridor // severe sternal wall // significant distress, agitation, lethargy // tachycardia

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6
Q

admission of croup

A

severe // <6 // upper airway abnormalities // uncertainty

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7
Q

invx croup

A

clinical // X-ray (subglottic narrowing steeple sign)

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8
Q

mx croup

A

single dose oral dexamethasone // O2 and neb adrenaline if severe

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9
Q

infection epiglottitis

A

H influ B

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10
Q

symptoms epiglottitis

A

rapid onset // high temp + systemic upset // drooling // tripod position (leaning forward)

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11
Q

invx croup

A

direct visualisation by senior doctor (DO NOT examine if not necessary) // X ray thumb sign

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12
Q

mx epiglottitis

A

senior anaesthetics or ENT (may need endotracheal intubation) // o2 // IV abx

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13
Q

symptoms inhaled foreign body

A

cough, choking, vomit, stridor

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14
Q

symptoms laryngomalacia

A

congenital abnormality of larynx –> stridor at 4 weeks

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15
Q

features thyroglossal cyst

A

anterior triangle (midline below hyoid) –> anechoic on USS

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16
Q

features brancial cyst

A

anterior to SCM, near mandible –< anechoic on USS

17
Q

features dermoid cyst

A

midline suprahyoid –> heterogenous on USS (calcium + fat)

18
Q

features cystic hydroma

A

lymphatic occlusion, painless + fluid filled, age before 2 –> hyperoechic on USS

19
Q

features cystic hydroma

A

lymphatic occlusion, painless + fluid filled, age before 2 –> hyperoechic on USS

20
Q

features infantile haemangioma

A

triangle of neck // grow rapidly and regress // xray = calcified mass

21
Q

varients cleft lip

A

combined lip + palate –> isolated palate –> isolated lip

22
Q

RF cleft palate

A

AEDs

23
Q

assoc cleft palate

A

feeding, speech, otitis media

24
Q

mx cleft palate

A

lip = first 3 months // palate = 6-12 months

25
Q

newborn screening hearing test

A

otoacoustic emission test

26
Q

newborn + infant diagnostic hearing test

A

auditory brainstem response

27
Q

at what age is pure tone audiometry used in children

A

3

28
Q

inheritance + genes retinoblastoma

A

autosomal dom –> loss of function retinoblastoma tumour suppressor gene chromosome 13

29
Q

symptoms retinoblastoma

A

absence red reflex (white) // strabismus

30
Q

mx retinoblastoma

A