ENT Flashcards
What is the most common oral cavity malignancy?
SCC (>90%)
Most common causes of oral SCC?
Smoking and alcohol
What is leukoplakia?
‘white patch’ that can not be scraped off
must be considered precancerous
What is erythroplakia?
‘red patch’
less common than erythroplakia
Which has a greater association with cancer, leukoplakia or erthyroplakia?
Erythroplakia
Most common sites for oral SCC?
tongue, floor of mouth, gingiva
Asian populations- buccal (tobacco chewing)
What are the subsets of oropharynx SCC?
HPV-related (no grading)
Non-HPV-related
HPV-related SCC risk factors?
Men
Younger age
Sexually active
Where does laryngeal papillomatosis occur?
true vocal cords
What causes laryngeal papillomatosis?
HPV 6 and 11
No malignant change
What causes laryngeal SCC?
Smoking and alcohol
90% preventable
5 year survival rates of glottic, supraglottic and infra-glottic laryngeal SCC?
Glottic- 80-85%
Supraglottic- 65-75%
Infra-glottic- 40%
Which laryngeal SCC has the worst 5 year survival rate?
Infra-glottic (40%)
What is sialadenitis?
inflammation of the salivary gland
What causes sialadenitis?
trauma, mumps, calculi, autoimmune (Sjogren’s syndrome), IgG4 related sialadenitis
Who gets Sjogren’s Syndrome?
F>M
middle age
HLA-dR3
What is Warthin’s tumour?
papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum
benign
usually in parotid gland
Risk factors for Warthin’s tumour?
M>F
40-70yrs
smokers
What is a pleomorphic adenoma?
mixed tumours
epithelial, myoepithelial and stromal components
What gland do pleomorphic adenomas affect?
Parotid Gland
What is a carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma?
7% of pleomorphic adenomas become cancerous
recent rapid enlargement
Risk factors for carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenomas?
long history of untreated tumour multiple recurrences age > 40 males tumour > 2cm deep lobe tumours parotid tumours
Who is mucoepidermoid carcinoma common in?
Children and young adults
What are risk factors for mucoepidermoid carcinoma?
Radiation and chemo in childhood
