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Pathology > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common oral cavity malignancy?

A

SCC (>90%)

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2
Q

Most common causes of oral SCC?

A

Smoking and alcohol

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3
Q

What is leukoplakia?

A

‘white patch’ that can not be scraped off

must be considered precancerous

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4
Q

What is erythroplakia?

A

‘red patch’

less common than erythroplakia

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5
Q

Which has a greater association with cancer, leukoplakia or erthyroplakia?

A

Erythroplakia

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6
Q

Most common sites for oral SCC?

A

tongue, floor of mouth, gingiva

Asian populations- buccal (tobacco chewing)

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7
Q

What are the subsets of oropharynx SCC?

A

HPV-related (no grading)

Non-HPV-related

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8
Q

HPV-related SCC risk factors?

A

Men
Younger age
Sexually active

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9
Q

Where does laryngeal papillomatosis occur?

A

true vocal cords

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10
Q

What causes laryngeal papillomatosis?

A

HPV 6 and 11

No malignant change

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11
Q

What causes laryngeal SCC?

A

Smoking and alcohol

90% preventable

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12
Q

5 year survival rates of glottic, supraglottic and infra-glottic laryngeal SCC?

A

Glottic- 80-85%
Supraglottic- 65-75%
Infra-glottic- 40%

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13
Q

Which laryngeal SCC has the worst 5 year survival rate?

A

Infra-glottic (40%)

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14
Q

What is sialadenitis?

A

inflammation of the salivary gland

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15
Q

What causes sialadenitis?

A

trauma, mumps, calculi, autoimmune (Sjogren’s syndrome), IgG4 related sialadenitis

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16
Q

Who gets Sjogren’s Syndrome?

A

F>M
middle age
HLA-dR3

17
Q

What is Warthin’s tumour?

A

papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum
benign
usually in parotid gland

18
Q

Risk factors for Warthin’s tumour?

A

M>F
40-70yrs
smokers

19
Q

What is a pleomorphic adenoma?

A

mixed tumours

epithelial, myoepithelial and stromal components

20
Q

What gland do pleomorphic adenomas affect?

A

Parotid Gland

21
Q

What is a carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma?

A

7% of pleomorphic adenomas become cancerous

recent rapid enlargement

22
Q

Risk factors for carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenomas?

A 
long history of untreated tumour
multiple recurrences
age > 40
males
tumour > 2cm
deep lobe tumours
parotid tumours
23
Q

Who is mucoepidermoid carcinoma common in?

A

Children and young adults

24
Q

What are risk factors for mucoepidermoid carcinoma?

A

Radiation and chemo in childhood

Pathology (13 decks)

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