ENT

Question 1

Typical features of a dermoid cyst on the neck? (4)

Answer 1

Young kid
Lump can be anywhere - usually midline or posterior triangle
Transilluminates
Contains all 3 cell origins

Question 2

Typical features of a lymphoma? (3)

Answer 2

Rubbery, painless lump
Pain when drinking alcohol
May be night sweats and hepatosplenomegaly

Question 3

Typical features of a thyroid lump? (1)

Answer 3

Moves upwards on swallowing

Question 4

Typical features of a thyroglossal cyst? (5)

Answer 4

Usually <20
Halfway between isthmus of thyroid and hyoid bone in midline
Remnants of thyroid gland which form at foramen cecum
Moves upwards on protrusion of tongue
May be painful if infected

Question 5

Typical features of a pharyngeal pouch? (4)

Answer 5

Older men
Posteromedial herniation between cricopharyngeus and thyropharyngeus
Usually not seen but posterior lump near midline if large, which gurgles on palpation
Dysphagia, halitosis, regurgitation, aspiration, chronic cough

Question 6

Typical features of a cystic hygroma? (4)

Answer 6

Cystic lymphangioma usually present at birth but almost always <2y/o
Posterior triangle, classically on left
Soft, fluctuant mass
Transilluminates

Question 7

Typical features of a branchial cyst? (3)

Answer 7

Oval, mobile cyst anterior to SCM muscle
Due to failure of obliteration of 2nd branchial cleft
Usually presents in early adulthood

Question 8

Typical features of a carotid body tumour? (5)

Answer 8

Carotid paraganglioma - neuroendocrine tumour
Painless, pulsatile mass that is slow growing
Bruit on auscultation
Classically can be moved side-to-side but not up and down
Can compress cranial nerves if large enough

Question 9

What distinguishes viral labyrinthitis from vestibular neuronitis?

Answer 9

Hearing is affected in labyrinthitis

Hearing UNAFFECTED in vestibular neuronitis