Enrotue navigation Flashcards
DR navigation
Dead-reckoning or deduced reckoning
DR meaning
Navigation by time and distance travelled rather than using landmarks or astronomical observations
What is a “fix” in DR?
Can be a starting point for the DR navigationn (because its known)
or a geographical position of an aircrtaft determined by visual reference to the surface, or by radio nav equipment
What is a “pinpoint” in DR?
Ground position of an aircraft determined by direct observation of the ground and NOT BY radio nav equipment
TMG
Track made good
TE
Track error, difference between the desired track and actual TMG
When does a track error likely to happen?
When wind differs in speed / direction
Enroute check abbreviation
FREDA
FREDA meaning
Fuel, Radio, Engine, Heading indicator, Altitude
FREDA -F
Fuel: on and suffiicent
Fuel tank: Usage monitored
Mixture: Learned as required for the cruise
Fuel pump: as required
FREDA - E
Engine: Oil temp and pressure within limits.
Carb. heat if required.
ATD
Actual time of departure
ETI
Estimated time intervals
FREDA -H
Heading: on desired course,
HI is aligned with magnetic compass (important, between 10-15 minutes every time)
When FREDA should be done
between 10-15 minutes
is track made good the desired track? by definition
No
Closing angle
When offtrack, this is the angle required to get back to desired track
Estimating track errors
My using track guides (fan lines)
Or 1-in-60 rule
Track guides (fan lines)
Drawing 10-5° lines from checkpoints. After determining a “fix” in this area during flight, can easily estimate the required heading (TE+ CA) to be bakc on desired track (page 208)
1-in60 rule
If traveled 60 miles then an error in track of one mile is 1° error in heading (TE)
If I am 8nm off-track, and traveled 60nm, what is te TE?
8°
If I am 4 nm off-track in 30nm, what is TE?
8°
What will be the relation to the desire track if only TE is fixed?
parllel
How to determine CA?
Same 1-in-60 rule
Higher CA will?
Make you back to track more sooner
Ratio method and inverse ratio method for TE
REVISE page 214
What is a common unplanned diversion procedure to take. (Like overtakign a thudnerstorm)
- Turn heading by 60, and log the time the flown
- Parllel the track by turning 60 degrees back to original hading (note the time flown)
- Return at 60 degreees for the same time to return to track
- Take a suitbale HDG to stay in track
10 nm thumb times by speeds
120kt = 5 min
100kt = 6 min
85kt = 7.5 min
70kt = 8.5 min
60kt = 10 min
Use thumb times. Diversion of 30nm at GS 100kt will take?
18 minutes
(3 * 6)
Flying between two points 120nm apart.
After 40mn aircraft is found to be 5nm right of the track
What correction is needed to overhead point B?
use inversion ratio method
11 left
Number of eavailable transponder squawks
4096
Transponder frequency
1030MHZ 1090MHZ
