Enrichment and Welfare. Flashcards
What is welfare?
How an animal copes with the conditions in which it lives. There is no clear line between good and bad welfare, and the state of welfare is decided using evidence produced by scientific methods. The absence of stereotypies is not evidence of good welfare.
Difference between 5 freedoms and 5 domains?, and how they are interlinked?
The Five Freedoms model was first developed in the 1960s and is used to assess the welfare of an animal by meeting their basic needs. However animal welfare has evolved over the years that have passed, now we recognize they have emotional needs and want to encourage positive experiences which is where the five domains come in. The Five Domains are used on a deeper level to assess how well you work with the Five Freedoms focusing on both positive and negative aspects of the environment.
How do we assess behaviour via behavioural, psychological, physiological measures (3)
We look at key indicator behaviours.
General behavioural changes.
Specific behavioural tests
What are key indicator behaviours (5)?
Fight, flight.
Conflict behaviour.
Injurious behaviour.
Stereotypies, abnormal, and repetitive behaviours.
Apathy and anhedonia (depressive-like state, doesn’t enjoy activities they normally do)
What are abnormal behaviours? (4)
Abnormal (gorillas waving)
Anticipatory (pacing at door at 6am because that’s when dogs go for a walk).
Repetitive (circling)
Stereotypical: Repetitive, varying behaviour with no other goal or function.
What are the two broad categories for behavioural observation? What are they?
Quantitative = What the animal is doing. Qualitative = How the animals is doing what they are doing
How to use Quantitative Behavioural Observation (2)?
Measuring behaviour in a natural or restricted environment.
Compare behaviour in the different conditions (after altering the restricted environment with enrichment).
How to use Qualitative Behavioural Analysis (2)?
Describe HOW is the animal doing what it is doing.
Descriptive terms to use in coding (confident, comfortable, relaxed, content, agitated).
What are the limits of behavioural observation?
Behavioural observation may not tell us whether particular restrictions are important to the animal - For example, stereotypic behaviour in one animal may have developed when that animal was in a restricted environment. After moving to a better environment it may continue to perform the stereotypic behaviour. indicate a general welfare state, but they may not indicate which particular conditions result in that state.
How do Psychological Measures contribute to providing insight on the state of welfare? (3)
Cognitive bias tests.
Choice and preference tests.
Strength of motivation tests.
How can cognitive bias tests indicate welfare?
Black means food, white means no food. Optimistic animals will think grey means food. Animals with good welfare tend to be more optimistic.
How can choice and preference tests indicate welfare?
Behaviour variables to measure and record: (3)
Offer the animal a variety of options and let him/her choose.
Measure and record particular behavioral variables:
How much time is taken to enter/choose an option (latency)?
Time spent at/in different options.
Frequency of visits.
How can strength and motivation indicate welfare?
By measuring how much an animal will work for something.
What is the concept of needs?
: “a requirement, fundamental in the biology of the animal, to obtain a particular resource or respond to a particular environmental or bodily stimulus” (Broom and Johnson, 1993)
What happens if a need is not met (3)?
If a need is not met, this will affect physiology, psychology or behaviour
If these needs are prevented it may cause “frustration”.
Frustration may lead to the formation of abnormal behavioural patterns.
