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Family Medicine EOR > ENOT/Ophthalmology > Flashcards

ENOT/Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

Organism that causes acute sinusitis?

A

Strep pneumoniae

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2
Q

1st txt for acute sinusitis?

A

Augmentin

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3
Q

Dx of acute sinusitis?

A

CT scan

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4
Q

Organism that causes chronic sinusitis?

A

staph aureus

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5
Q

Acute vs. chronic sinusitis?

A

< 4 weeks

> 12 weeks

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6
Q

What causes allergic rhinitis?

A

IgE mediated reactivity to airborne antigens

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7
Q

Pt has boggy turbinates, allergic shiners and allergic salute

A

allergic rhinitis

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8
Q

Overzealous use of decongestant drops or sprays can cause?

A

Rhinitis medicamentosa

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9
Q

Overuse of what two drugs can cause Rhinitis medicamentosa?

A

Oxymetazoline

Penylephrine

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10
Q

Txt for rhinitis?

A

intranasal decongestants

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11
Q

Txt for pt with severe allergic rhinitis who fail to respond to dx thx and allergen avoidance

A

immunotherapy

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12
Q

2mm round ulceration with a yellow gray center surrounded by a red halo on the left buccal mucosa?

A

apthous ulcers

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13
Q

Tx for apthous ulcers?

A

symptomatic or “Magic swizzle”- liquid Bendryl and magnesium hydroxide

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14
Q

Another name for apthous ulcer?

A

canker sores

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15
Q

crusting, scaling, red rimming eyelid and eyelash flaking with hx of seborrhea and rosacea?

A

Blepharitis

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16
Q

Txt for blepharitis?

A

baby shampoo and topical abx, warm compresses

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17
Q

What organism causes blepharitis?

A

staph

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18
Q

crusty eyelids in the am

A

Blepharitis

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19
Q

Dx for blepharitis?

A

slit-lamp exam

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20
Q

What gland is affected in Blepharitis?

A

meibomian gland

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21
Q

What can be cause by chronic eustachian tube dysfunction?

A

Cholesteatoma

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22
Q

painless otorrhea (brown/yellow discharge w/ strong odor), tinnitus, dizziness, otorrhea

A

Cholesteatoma

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23
Q

Dx for cholesteatoma?

A

CT scan and audiogram

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24
Q

Txt for cholesteatoma?

A

surgical excision and reconstruction of ossicles

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25
Q

MC cause of viral conjunctivitis?

A

adenovirus

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26
Q

copious watery discharge, scant mucoid discharge with cobblestoning of palpebral conjunctiva?

A

viral conjunctivitis

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27
Q

txt for viral conjunctivitis?

A

cool compress, artifical tears, antihistamines

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28
Q

eyes glued shut in the am

A

bacterial conjunctivits

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29
Q

MC cause of bacterial conjunctivitis in adults?

A

staph aureus

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30
Q

MC cause of bacterial conjunctivitis in children?

A

H influenzae

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31
Q

MC cause of bacterial conjunctivitis in neonates?

A

C. trachomatis

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32
Q

Cobblestone mucosa in the inner/upper eyelid?

A

allergic conjunctivitis

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33
Q

Txt for allergic conjunctivitis?

A

topical antihistamine H1 blockers- Azelastine (Optivar)

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34
Q

Txt for bacterial conjunctivitis in adults?

A

Gentamicin/tobramycin

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35
Q

Txt for bacterial conjunctivitis in newborns?

A

oral erythomycin

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36
Q

Txt for contact use pseudomonas infection?

A

Fluoroquinolone - Cipro

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37
Q

Eye infection caused by swimming pool?

A

viral conjunctivitis

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38
Q

The MC ophthalmologic visit to the ER ?

A

corneal abrasion

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39
Q

Dx of corneal abrasion?

A

fluorescein staining w/ slit lamp

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40
Q

Txt for corneal abrasion?

A

topical abx ointment

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41
Q

How does patching work for corneal abrasions?

A

no longer recommended bc it can delay healing

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42
Q

What should be done before examining or treating a corneal abrasion?

A

visual acuity

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43
Q

Dx of corneal ulcer?

A

fluorescein angiography

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44
Q

dendritic ulcer w/ fluorescein stain

A

herpes simplex keratitis

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45
Q

Risk factor for contact lens wearers?

A

corneal ulcer

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46
Q

Txt for corneal ulcer?

A

IMMEDIATE referral to ophtho

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47
Q

What is dacryoadenitis?

A

inflammation of nasolacrimal duct or gland

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48
Q

Inflammatory enlargemnt of lacrimal galnd
rapid onset
unilateral severe pain , redness, and pressure
supratemporal region

A

dacryoadenitis

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49
Q

infectious obstruction of nasolacrimal duct
rapid onset
epiphora
intramedial region

A

dacryocysitis

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50
Q

Txt of darcyoadenitis?

A

warm to cool compress & systemic abx

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51
Q

inward turning of lower eyelid?

A

entropion

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52
Q

outward turning of eyelid?

A

ectropion

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53
Q

definitive txt for entropion/ectropion?

A

artificial tears and surgery

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54
Q

MC area for anterior nose bleed?

A

Kiesselback plexus

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55
Q

MC difficult area to control posterior bleeds?

A

internal maxillary artery

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56
Q

MC area for posterior nose bleeds?

A

Woodruff plexus

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57
Q

artery responsible for severe posterior nosebleeds?

A

sphenopalatine artery

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58
Q

What should pts w/ nose bleeds be asked?

A

aspirin or ibuprofen use

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59
Q

Txt for anterior nosebleed?

A

direct pressure
Afrin
Abx

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60
Q

Txt for posterior nosebleed?

A

posterior ballon packing

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61
Q

sudden ocular pain, halos, cloudy cornea, fixed dilated pupil

A

aute closure glaucoma

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62
Q

What causes open angle glaucoma?

A

impaired aqueous outflow through diseased trabecular meshwork

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63
Q

MC glauocoma?

A

open angle

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64
Q

Peripheral to central vision loss?

A

glaucoma

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65
Q

central to peripheral vision loss?

A

macular degeneration

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66
Q

Txt for open angle glaucoma (chronic)

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (-Amide)
Timolol
miotic drops (Pilocarpine)

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67
Q

Screening for glaucoma?

A

< 40 AA q 3-5

> 40 q 2yrs

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68
Q

Mechanism of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

A

reduces production of fluid in eye

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69
Q

Dx of glaucoma?

A

tonometry

70
Q

Txt for acute narrow angle glaucoma?

A

EMERGENCY!
IV acetazolamde
timolol
miotics

71
Q

Definitive txt for acute narrow angle glaucoma?

A

peripheral iridotomy

72
Q

Txt for chronic glaucoma?

A

Prostaglandin analogs- Latanoprost
timolol
trabeculoplasty

73
Q

What SHOULDN’T be admin to acute angle glaucoma pts?

A

Mydriatics (anticholinergics)

74
Q

PAINFUL HOT swelling of upper or lower eyelid in an eyelash follicle

A

Hordeloum (stye)

75
Q

MC cause of hordeolum?

A

staph aureus

76
Q

Txt for hordeolum?

A

warm compress and topical abx

77
Q

What is a hyphema?

A

bleeding in the anterior chamber caused by blunt trauma

78
Q

Dx of hyphema?

A

Orbital CT

79
Q

Txt for hyphema?

A

blood is reabsorbed, txt includes rest with bed tilt @ 30d

80
Q

What meds are C/I in hyphema?

A

NSAIDS

81
Q

dizziness, flu, and I can’t hear out of this ear?

A

Labyrinthitis

82
Q

hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, n/v, and horizontal nystagmus?

A

Labyrinthitis

83
Q

acute onset, vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus after a URI

A

Labyrinthitis

84
Q

What is the difference between labyrinthitis and Meniere’s syndrome?

A

Menieres is episodic and NOT associated w/ viral infection.

85
Q

What is consequence of labyrinthtis?

A

hearing loss

86
Q

Txt for labyrinthitis?

A

Vestibular suppressants - Meclizine

87
Q

acute hoarseness 2 days ago?

A

laryngitis

88
Q

hoarseness> 2weeks

A

consider squamous cell carcinoma w/ hx of ETOH and smoking

89
Q

MC cause laryngitis?

A

virus

90
Q

Txt of laryngitis?

A

symptomatic
abx - if bacterial
Oral or IM corticosteriods- hasten recovery

91
Q

Singing or shouting with laryngitis increases risk for?

A

vocal fold hemorrhage
poly
cyst

92
Q

PAINLESS central vision loss with drusen deposits

A

macular degeneration

93
Q

neovasularization is seen in?

A

wet macular degeneration

94
Q

drusen spots is seen in?

A

dry macular degeneration

95
Q

Dx for macular degeneration?

A

dilated funduscopic

96
Q

Txt for macular degeneration?

A

zinc and antioxidant vitamins

97
Q

What two drugs can cause macular degeneration?

A

chloroquine or phenothiazine

98
Q

Leading cause of irreversible central visual loss in older population?

A

macular degeneration

99
Q

episodic vertigo, unilateral low frequency sensorineural hearing loss, and tinnitus

A

Meniere syndrome

100
Q

Dx of Meniere?

A

audiogram and MRI

101
Q

Tx of Meniere?

A

low salt diet, diuretics to reduce aural pressure

102
Q

ear fullness or pain, unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus

A

Meniere

103
Q

teardrop shaped growths partially obstructing the nasal passages

A

nasal polyps

104
Q

What predispose a pt to nasal polyps?

A

allergic rhinitis
acute and chronic infections
cystic fibrosis

105
Q

Whats a red flag of nasal polyps?

A

cystic fibrosis

106
Q

Samter’s triad?

A

asthma
aspirin sensitivity
nasal polyps

107
Q

Txt for nasal polyps?

A

topical nasal corticosteroid

108
Q

Medication C/I in a pt with nasal polyps/

A

aspirin

109
Q

The MC organism of otitis media?

A

strep pneumoniae

110
Q

acute otitis media?

A

< 3 weeks

111
Q

chronic otitis media?

A

> 3mo

112
Q

bulging, loss of landmarks, redness, and injection of TM, pus, limited mobility of TM

A

Otitis media

113
Q

1st line Tx for acute otitis media?

A

Amoxicillin

114
Q

2nd line txt for acute otitis media?

A

Augmentin

115
Q

Txt for chronic otitis media?

A

myringotomy w/ ventilation tube

116
Q

Consequences of NOT txt otitis media can lead to?

A

mastoiditis
abscess
meningitis

117
Q

Txt of malignant otitis media?

A

IV ciprof

118
Q

Chronic otitis media complication?

A

cholesteatoma

119
Q

a ruptured tympanic membrane is usually due to

A

chronic otitis media

120
Q

In otitis externa weber test is expected to lateralize to what side?

A

side of the blocked canal

121
Q

painful, edema w/ cheesy white discharge

A

otitis media

122
Q

What is the MC of otitis media?

A

Pseudomonas

123
Q

Whom is malignant otitis externa MC seen in ?

A

diabetics

124
Q

Fungal otitis externa is caused by?

A

aspergillus

125
Q

Dx of otitis externa?

A

otoscopy

126
Q

Txt of otitis media?

A

cipro + dexamethasone

127
Q

Txt of fungal otitis externa?

A

topical therapy for yeast: clotrimazole

128
Q

Intermittent headaches and blurred vision?

A

papilledema

129
Q

Dx papilledema

A

MRI or CT

130
Q

Txt of papilledema?

A

txt underlying disorder

131
Q

Swelling of his face, and testes (orchitis)?

A

Parotits (mumps)

132
Q

What causes mumps?

A

paramyxovirus

133
Q

T/F mumps must be reported to the public health authorities?

A

True

134
Q

What is complication of mumps?

A

nerve deafness

135
Q

MC cause of bacterial parotitis?

A

Staph aureus

136
Q

Parotitis is a complication of?

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

137
Q

muffled “hot potato” voice, extreme difficulty opening mouth (trismus), uvular deviation

A

peritonsillar abscess

138
Q

DOC for peritonsillar abscess?

A

PCN

139
Q

Organism that causes peritonsillar abscess?

A

Group A hemolytic strep

140
Q

Dx of peritonsillar abscess

A

needle aspiration

CT or ultrasonography of neck

141
Q

Quincy abscess?

A

Peritonsillar abscess

142
Q

Txt of peritonsillar abscess?

A

I&D

143
Q

What organism causes pharyngitis

A

Group A strep

144
Q

1st line txt for strep throat?

A

Penicillin or IM benzathine pcn

145
Q

Gold sntd dx of strep?

A

throat swab culture

146
Q

What should be consider in pts with recent sexual encounters or with non resolving pharyngitis?

A

gonorrhea pharyngitis

147
Q

Common in pts using inhaled steroids?

A

fungal pharyngitis

148
Q

Txt for fungal pharyngitis?

A

Clotrimazole troches

Nystatin swish and swallow

149
Q

Complications of strep throat?

A

scarlet fever
glomerulonephritis
acute rheumatic fever
abscess formation

150
Q

Txt for gonorrhea pharyngitis?

A

IM ceftriaxone

151
Q

Small grayish vesicles and punched out ulcers in the posterior pharynx

A

Coxsackievirus

152
Q

Txt for Sialadenitis?

A

IV vancomycin or nafcillin

153
Q

MC cause of Sialadenitis?

A

Staph aureus

154
Q

Txt for sialadenitis?

A

LEMON DROPS! sialagogues, warm compresses

155
Q

Whom is more likely to get sialadenitis?

A

Sjogren syndrome

156
Q

Complication of sialadenitis NON-treatment?

A

abscess

157
Q

Txt for tympanic membrane perforation?

A

Floxin drops ONLY

TM will resolve itself

158
Q

Tinnitus is associated with?

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

159
Q

Txt for tinnitus?

A

identify the cause

160
Q

elevated, superficial, fleshy, triangular shaped growing fibrovascular mass

A

pterygium

161
Q

Txt for pterygium?

A

observation

only surgery when vision is affected

162
Q

Yellow elevated nodule on nasal side of eye, does not grow

A

pinguecula

163
Q

MC common causes of retinal detachment?

A

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
sickle cell disease
retinal vein occlusion

164
Q

Curtain falling, Flashing light, floaters, vision loss

A

Retinal detachment

165
Q

Txt of retinal detachment?

A

EMERGENCY!

stay supine, laying towards the side of detachment

166
Q

characteristic lesions of nonproliferative retinopathy?

A

microaneurysm, hard exudates, cotton wool spots, blot and dot hemorrhages

167
Q

Txt of retinopathy?

A

blood glucose and bP control

168
Q

Sudden vision loss in right eye, curtain came down over eye

A

Retina occlusion

169
Q

Txt for central retinal artery occlusion?

A

EMERGENCY!

170
Q

Txt for central vein occlusion?

A

intravitreal injection of VEGF inhibiotrs

171
Q

Blood and thunder retina

A

Central retinal vein occlusion

Family Medicine EOR (15 decks)

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