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Family Medicine EOR > Dermatology2 > Flashcards

Dermatology2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the prophylaxis for influenza?

A

Oseltamivir (Tamifulu), Zanamivir (Relenza) and Peramivir (neuromindase inhibitor)

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2
Q

When should antivirals be given for influenza?

A

within 48hrs

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3
Q

What is the recommendation for vaccine for influenza?

A

everyone > 6mo

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4
Q

When is the influenza season?

A

Nov- March

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5
Q

C/I for influenza vaccine?

A

egg allergy, previous rxn to vaccine, developed Guillain Barre syndrome, have had GBS in past 6ks, <6mo

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of flu?

A

abrupt fever, chills, malaise, muscle aches, sore throat, headache, coryza

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7
Q

What defines AIDS?

A

CD4 count of <200 cells

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8
Q

What screening test is used for HIV?

A

ELISA

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9
Q

What test confirms HIV?

A

Western blot

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10
Q

What is the txt for HIV?

A

HAART

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11
Q

When should PEP be started for HIV?

A

within 72hrs of exposure

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12
Q

How is HIV transmitted?

A

semen, blood, vaginal secretions breast milk

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13
Q

Erythema migrans is seen in what disease?

A

Lyme disease

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14
Q

What is the treatment for lyme disease?

A

Doxycycline

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15
Q

What is the prophylactic for lyme disease?

A

Doxycycline

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16
Q

What are the 3 stages of lyme disease?

A

early localized, early disseminated, late disease

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17
Q

Diagnosis lyme disease?

A

ELISA followed by Western blot to confirm

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18
Q

What is the txt of lyme disease in children and preggo?

A

Amoxicillin or cefuroxime

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19
Q

What is the classic triad of meningitis?

A

fever greater than 38
nuchal rigidity
headache

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20
Q

Knee extension causes pain neck?

A

Kernig’s sign

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21
Q

Leg raise when bend neck?

A

Brudzinski’s sign

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22
Q

What is seen in babies with suspected meningitis?

A

bulging fontanelle

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23
Q

What are the two types of meningitis?

A

aseptic and bacterial

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24
Q

What is the most common cause of aseptic meningitis?

A

Enterovirus

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25
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis?

A

S. pneumoniae

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26
Q

Evidence of meningitis but negative blood cultures indicates?

A

Aseptic meningitis

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27
Q

Gram negative diplococci?

A

N. meningitidis

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28
Q

MC cause of neonate meningitis?

A

E. coli and S. agalactiae

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29
Q

MC cause of >60 or immunocomprised meningitides?

A

Listeria or cryptococcus neoformans

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30
Q

Dx of meningitis?

A

lumbar puncture

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31
Q

CSF finding for bacterial meningitis?

A

Increase protein
decreased glucose
markedly increased opening pressure

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32
Q

CSF finding for viral meningitis?

A 
normal pressure
increased WBC (lymphocytes)
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33
Q

CSF finding for Guillain Barre Syndrome?

A

increased protein

normal glucose

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34
Q

Household contacts of pts with bacterial meningitis are treated with?

A

Ciprofloxacin, Rifampin, Levaquin, Zithromax, Rocephin

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35
Q

What is the treatment for bacterial meningitis?

A

Dexamethasone + empiric IV abx (cephalosporin, vancomycin, pencillins)

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36
Q

What is the treatment for viral meningitis?

A

symptomatic or IV acyclovir for HSV

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37
Q

What is seen in dx of mono?

A

atypical lymphocytosis

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38
Q

A Pencillin given in mono can cause what?

A

maculopapular rash

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39
Q

Classic triad of mono?

A

fever
lymphadenopathy
pharyngitis

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40
Q

How is mono transmitted?

A

oropharyngeal secretions and salvia

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41
Q

The kissing disease

A

Epstein Barr virus

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42
Q

Pts with mono are at risk of what?

A

splenic rupture

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43
Q

How is Epstein Barr virus diagnosed?

A

“monospot”

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44
Q

What is a monospot?

A

mononucleosis rapid slide agglutination test for heterophile antibodies

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45
Q

What antibodies are seen in mono?

A

heterophile antibodies

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46
Q

Treatment for Mono?

A

Supportive

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47
Q

Can a patient contract mono again after exposure?

A

nope!

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48
Q

Rose spots is seen in?

A

Enteric fever (salmonella typhi)

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49
Q

Pea soup diarrhea is seen in?

A

Enteric fever (typhoid)

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50
Q

infected egg yolks?

A

Gastroenteritis (salmonella typhimurium, Enteritidis)

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51
Q

How is salmonella treated?

A

Cefriaxone, fluoroquinolones, azithromycin

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52
Q

Fever increases with “pea soup” diarrhea followed by pink papules on the trunk, which fades when pressure is applied

A

Salmonella typhi

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53
Q

The most common form of salmonella infection?

A

gastroenteritis

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54
Q

What is the treatment for gastroenteritis?

A

self-limited, symptomatic

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55
Q

What symptoms are seen in gastroenteritis?

A 
mucus+ bloody diarrhea
vomiting
abdominal pain
fever
cramping
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56
Q

Diarrhea from poultry products- dairy, meat, eggs, exotic pets (reptiles, turtles)

A

salmonell

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57
Q

What are symptoms of typhoid?

A

headache, pea soup stools (brown-green), intractable fever, bradycardia, rose spots

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58
Q

Diarrhea from undercooked ground beef, unpasteurized milk/ apple cider, day care centers, contaminated water

A

enterohemorrhagic ecoli 0157:H7

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59
Q

Treatment for enterohemorrhagic ecoli?

A

fluid replacement and supportive

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60
Q

Abx use in enterohemorrhagic e.coli can cause what?

A

hemolytic uremic syndrome

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61
Q

What are symptoms of enterohemorrhagic e.coli?

A

water diarrhea -> bloody, crampy abdominal pain, vomiting. Fever low grade

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62
Q

Rice water stools?

A

Vibrio cholerea

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63
Q

What is the MC cause of traveler’s diarrhea?

A

Enterotoxigenic e.coli

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64
Q

What are the symptoms of enterotoxigenic e.coli?

A

abrupt onset of watery diarrhea, abdominal cramping, vomiting

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65
Q

Lower abdominal pain, explosive watery diarrhea, mucus blood

A

Shigella

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66
Q

MC strain of shigella in US?

A

S. sonnei

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67
Q

What diarrhea can cause reactive arthritis and febrile seizure in children?

A

Shigella

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68
Q

Whom does Shigella predominately affect?

A

children (daycares)

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69
Q

treatment for Shigella?

A

ciprofloxacin

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70
Q

What is the diagnosis of Shigella?

A

leukocytes and red blood cell on stool culture

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71
Q

Transmitted by drinking unsanitary water/ice

A

enterotoxigenic e.coli (traveller diarrhea)

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72
Q

What can cause osteomyelitis in the sickle cell patient?

A

Salmonella

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73
Q

Salad bar diarrhea?

A

Shigella

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74
Q

How is cryptococcus neoformans meningitis diagnosed?

A

india ink stain

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75
Q

A rash present with meningitis indicates?

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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76
Q

multiple well demarcated red/purple infiltrative firm nodules and plaques in pt with a history of HIV

A

Kaposi sarcoma

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77
Q

What virus causes Kaposi sarcoma?

A

Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV8)

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78
Q

AIDS defining cancer?

A

Kaposi sarcoma

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79
Q

Dx of Kaposi sarcoma?

A

biopsy- spindle cells mixed w/ vascular tissue

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80
Q

What is the txt for Kaposi sarcoma?

A

Chemotherapy or radiation

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81
Q

Prognosis of melanoma is most strongly associated with what dimension?

A

depth of lesion

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82
Q

The most common histologic type of melanoma?

A

Superficial spreading malignant melanoma

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83
Q

What type of melanoma is seen on the palms, soles, and nail beds?

A

acral lentiginous melanomas

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84
Q

Txt for Melanoma?

A

wide excision I-III, IV- chemo

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85
Q

Asymmetric, elevated, blue-tinged lesion with irregular scalloped borders

A

melanoma

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86
Q

large pruritic, subepidermal bullae in a 75y/o

A

Bullous pemphigoid

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87
Q

chronic acquired autoimmune subepidermal blistering skin disorder

A

Bullous pemphigoid

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88
Q

What is the mechanism of bullous pemphigoid?

A

IgG produced against the basement membrane

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89
Q

Whom does bullous pemphigoid usually affect?

A

60-80yr old, increases with age

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90
Q

Dx of bullous pemphigoid?

A

biopsy w/ immunofluorescence - IgG and C3 basement membrane

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91
Q

Txt for bullous pemphigoid?

A

Topical Corticosteriods, Prednisone, Azathioprine

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92
Q

Nikolsky sign negative in what disease?

A

Bullous pemphigoid

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93
Q

What are the 3 main pathogens seen in cellulitis?

A

H. influenzae, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus

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94
Q

Red hot, swollen, tender, fever, and chills

A

cellulitis

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95
Q

What is the txt for mild cellulitis (MSSA)?

A

Cephalexin or Dicloxacilln

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96
Q

What is the txt for MRSA?

A

TMP-SMZ, clindamycin, doxycyline

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97
Q

What is the treatment for a cat bite?

A

Augmentin or Doxy

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98
Q

Txt for a puncture wound through the shoe?

A

Ciprofloxacin (Pseudomonas)

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99
Q

raised cauliflower like lesions in clusters on shaft of penis

A

condyloma acuminatum

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100
Q

What HSV strains cause genital warts?

A

6 and 11

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101
Q

what vaccine is approved for HPV?

A

Gardasil 9

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102
Q

How is condyloma acuminatum dx?

A

NAAT, colposcopy, anoscopy

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103
Q

What is the txt for condyloma acuminatum?

A

Imiquimod (Aldara), Podofilow, Cryotherapy, surgery or TCA (trichloroacetic acid)

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104
Q

T/F HPV vaccine treats a existing infection

A

False

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105
Q

When should the HPV vaccine be given?

A

before the start of sexual activity (age 11-12)

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106
Q

Breakout from nickel, poison ivy?

A

Allergic dermatitis

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107
Q

Breakout from diaper, cleaners, solvents, detergents, urine, feces

A

irritant

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108
Q

pruritic lesions, lichenification mostly on the flexor creases

A

atopic dermatitis

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109
Q

What type of reaction is atopic dermatitis?

A

IgE, Type I

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110
Q

Coin shaped disc shaped skin lesion?

A

nummular eczema

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111
Q

Erythematous, yellowish greasy scales, crusted lesions

A

seborrheic dermatitis

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112
Q

What is the txt for seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Antifungal shampoo
topical corticosteriod
olive oil compresses

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113
Q

Young woman. Papulopustular, plaques, and scales around the mouth

A

Perioral dermatitis

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114
Q

What type of reaction is allergic dermatitis

A

Type IV

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115
Q

What is the dx for dermatitis?

A

patch test

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116
Q

Pts with atopic dermatitis usually have?

A

asthma or allergic rhinitis

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117
Q

The “itch that rashes”

A

atopic dermatitis

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118
Q

Txt for atopic dermatitis?

A

topical cortiocosteriods

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119
Q

Txt for perioral dermatitis?

A

topical metronidazole, erythromycin

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120
Q

What is C/I txt in perioral dermatitis?

A

topical steroids- cause flare of lesions

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121
Q

What is the most common adverse drug reaction?

A

Skin reactions

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122
Q

What dosage of epinephrine is used for acute txt of anaphylaxis?

A

02-0.5 mg

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123
Q

What is the txt for drug eruption?

A

withdrawal offending drug
epi, prednisone-prevent recurrence
urticaria- 2nd gen anthistamine

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124
Q

acute onset of vesicles without erythema on the lateral aspects of fingers, palm, and feet

A

dyshidrosis

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125
Q

What is another name for dyshidrosis?

A

pompholyx

126
Q

What causes dyshidrosis?

A

unknown

127
Q

Resembles tapioca pudding?

A

dyshidrosis

128
Q

Txt of dyshidrosis?

A

1st line- Topical steroids, 2nd- oral steroids

129
Q

What do pt with dyshidrosis usually have in their pmhx?

A

atopic background

130
Q

Painful rash, that is red, hot, shiny, raised, indurated, and tender, well demarcated and hot to the touch

A

erysipelas

131
Q

What organism causes erysipelas?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep)

132
Q

What is erysipelas?

A

superficial cellulitis w/ dermal lymphatic involvement

133
Q

What looks like cellulitis but is well demarcated and painful?

A

erysipelas

134
Q

What must be ruled out in erysipelas?

A

MRSA

135
Q

Dx erysipelas?

A

culture and senstivity

136
Q

Txt for mild erysipelas?

A

Penicillin G (allergy- erythromycin or clindamycin)

137
Q

What type of reaction is erythema multiforme?

A

Type IV

138
Q

What common infection is associated with erythema multiforme?

A

herpes simplex

139
Q

What drugs can cause erythema multiforme?

A 
sulfa drugs
phenytoin
barbiturates
penicillin
allopurinol
140
Q

Target or iris lesions, localized to hands, feet or mouth

A

erythema multiforme

141
Q

Dx of erythema multiforme?

A

absent of prodromal symptoms preceding HSV infection

Neg Nikolsky

142
Q

Txt for erythema multiforme?

A

Avoid substances
control herpes- acyclovir
topical corticosteriods

143
Q

Slapped cheek

A

Erythema infectiosum

144
Q

What causes Erythema infectiosum?

A

Parvovirus B19

145
Q

What symptoms are seen in erythema infectiosum?

A

slapped cheek rash on face and lacy rash on extremities

146
Q

What are sickle cell pts at risk with erythema infectiosum?

A

aplastic crisis

147
Q

How is fifth disease diagnosed?

A

clinical, enlarged nuclei

148
Q

Txt for fifth disease?

A

NONE, symptomatic

149
Q

Older adults who get fifth disease what syndrome can occur?

A

polyarthropathy syndrome (swelling/ pain in joints)

150
Q

Sores in the mouth, rash on hands, feet, mouth, and buttocks?

A

Coxsackievirus

151
Q

T/F Coxsackievirus is contagious in the 1st week of illness?

A

True

152
Q

Txt for Hand, Foot, and Mouth disease?

A

supportive

153
Q

What virus causes measles?

A

paramyxovirus

154
Q

What the three phases of measles?

A

prodrome
enanthem
exanthem

155
Q

3 C’s in the prodrome measles phase?

A

cough
coryza
conjunctivitis

156
Q

Koplik spots?

A

Rubeola (Measles)

157
Q

When does Koplik spot appear?

A

Enanthem phase

158
Q

When does the rash appear in measles and how does it spread?

A

Exanthem

face downward

159
Q

What serology dx measles?

A

Igm antibodies

160
Q

txt of measles?

A

supportive (during rash must be isolated)

161
Q

What vaccine protects against measles?

A

MMR

162
Q

Describe measles rash?

A

brick red maculopapular blanching rash on face progressing to palms and soles lasts 7 days

163
Q

3-day rash that appears on face spreads downward

A

Rubella (German Measles)

164
Q

Symptoms of rubella?

A

rash, fever, lymphadenopathy

165
Q

Which rash is teratogenic in the 1st trimester?

A

Rubella

166
Q

What is seen in congenital rubella syndrome?

A

hearing loss
developmental delay
growth retardation
cardiac and ophthalmic defects

167
Q

What is the difference between rubeola and rubella rash?

A

rubella is less red (pink maculopapular rash)

168
Q

txt for rubella?

A

supportive and vaccine

169
Q

Whom is Roseola usually seen in ?

A

children 6mo- 2yrs old

170
Q

How does Roseola usually present?

A

high fever, followed by a pink maculopapular rash

171
Q

How does Roseola rash spread?

A

starting at trunk and neck spreading elsewhere

172
Q

Just as the child appears to be recovering from fever, a red rash appears?

A

Roseola

173
Q

What causes Roseola

A

HHV 6

174
Q

Txt for Roseola?

A

supportive

175
Q

Besides rash and fever what can Roseola cause?

A

afebrile seizures

176
Q

What is associated with Nagayama spots?

A

Roseola

177
Q

Papules and pustules in hair follicules

A

Folliculitis

178
Q

Hot tub users folliculitis is caused by what organism?

A

Pseudominas

179
Q

Folliculitis is MC caused by?

A

S. aureus

180
Q

What causes razor bumps?

A

Pseudofolliculitis barbae

181
Q

Txt of hot tub folliculitis?

A

none

182
Q

1st line txt for folliculitis?

A

Mupirocin ointment and topical benzoyl peroxide

183
Q

Mechanism behind Hidradenitis suppurativa?

A

disorder of apocrine gland

184
Q

txt of hidradenitis suppurativa?

A

Topical clindamycin +/- oral abx

Intralesional triamcinolone

185
Q

Non painful, pruritic lesion in a <6y/o child that has “honey colored crust?

A

Impetigo

186
Q

MC cause of impetigo in temperate regions and tropical?

A

S. aureus and Strep pyoderma

187
Q

Txt for impetigo?

A

topical mupirocin

188
Q

Complications of impetigo?

A

poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

strep throat

189
Q

Most common form of impetigo?

A

nonbullous impetigo

190
Q

several ovid, grey white eggs in hair

A

lice

191
Q

Pediculosis?

A

lice

192
Q

Txt for lice?

A

Permethrin topical

193
Q

flat topped, shiny, violaceous papules with fine white lines (wickham striae), pruritic

A

Lichen planus

194
Q

What are the 5 P’s of Lichen planus?

A

pruritic, purplish, polygonal, planar, papules

195
Q

Txt for lichen planus?

A

resolves spontaneous

Topical steroid ointments- antihistamines-Hydroxyzine, 2nd line- systemic steriods

196
Q

What disease is Lichen planus associated with?

A

Hep C

197
Q

All pts with Lichen planus should be checked for?

A

Hep C

198
Q

Hyperpigmented large plaque that is very itchy that is spreading across the front left ankle

A

Lichen simplex chronicus

199
Q

What causes Lichen simplex chronicus?

A

chronic repeated rubbing or scratching of the skin causing lichenifications

200
Q

Condition that causes thick leathery brownish skin?

A

Lichen simplex chronicus

201
Q

Txt of lichen simplex chronicus?

A

STOP SCRATCHING

High potency steroids

202
Q

Non-painful mass on upper back that is slow growing, firm, but highly mobile

A

Lipoma

203
Q

Treatment of lipoma?

A

surigical excision or liposuction

204
Q

Hyperpigmentation, light to dark brown macules to bilateral cheeks

A

Melasma

205
Q

What causes melasma?

A

increase in estrogen

206
Q

Chloasma, or the mask of pregnancy

A

Melasma

207
Q

What can cause melasma?

A

OCP
pregancy
HRT

208
Q

What can be used to dx melasma?

A

wood’s lamp

209
Q

Txt for melasma?

A

Stopping exposure
topical hydroquinone (bleaching)
chemical peels
sunblock

210
Q

flesh-colored, waxy dome shaped, umbilicated pearly papules over the face, trunk, and extremities

A

molluscum contagiosum

211
Q

Molluscum contagiosum is usually seen in whom?

A

Children, but can affect adults

212
Q

What causes molluscum contagiosum?

A

Pox virus

213
Q

Extensive molluscum contagiosum in adults suggest?

A

immunosuppresion

214
Q

What screening is indicated in a adult with molluscum contagiosum?

A

HIV

215
Q

Txt of molluscum contagiosum?

A

NONE! self limited

216
Q

Yellowish-green nail pigmentation

A

onychomycosis

217
Q

Dx of onychomycosis?

A

KOH prep

218
Q

Txt for oral antifungal?

A

terbinafine

219
Q

What are sde of terbinafine?

A

liver failure, monitor LFT and liver failure

220
Q

What should be monitored with terbinafine therapy?

A

LFT

221
Q

What causes most toenail and fingernail oncyhomycoses?

A

Dermatophytes

222
Q

Fingernail onychomycosis is more often caused by?

A

Candida

223
Q

Red, warm pain along nail margin after manicure

A

paronychia

224
Q

MC cause of Acute of paronychia?

A

staph aureus

225
Q

MC cause of chronic paronychia?

A

candida albicans

226
Q

Txt for acute paroncyhia?

A

I&D, warm compresses, abx cream

227
Q

Txt for chronic paronychia?

A

topical antifungal clotrimazole or nystatin

228
Q

Abscess or sinus tract in the upper part of the gluteal cleft

A

Pilonidal disease

229
Q

Txt for pilonidal disease?

A

I&D, if infection Cefazolin + metronidazole or bactrim

230
Q

A HEARLD patch following a URI that line up along skin folds and resembles CHRISTMAS Tree distribution

A

Pityriasis rosea

231
Q

HEARLD PATCH and CHRISTMAS TREE distribution

A

Pityriasis rosea

232
Q

What organism causes pityriasis rosea?

A

Herpes virus 7

233
Q

What is the txt for pityriasis rosea?

A

NO treatment! self limiting

234
Q

What appears first in pityriasis rosea?

A

herald patch

235
Q

Who is at the greatest risk for developing pressure ulcers?

A

spinal cord injuries

236
Q

What is the best txt for pressure ulcer?

A

prevention by frequent positioning

237
Q

Well demarcated, erythematous, silvery scaly plaques involving the scalp and extensor

A

Psoriasis

238
Q

Auspitz sign and Koebner’s phenomenon?

A

bleeds when scale is picked

minor trauma causes new lesion

239
Q

MC type of psoriasis?

A

Psoriasis Vulgaris

240
Q

Txt of psoriasis?

A

emollients, Vit D, topical retinoids, tar, anthralin, corticosteroids

241
Q

Whom is more likely to have rosacea?

A

women aged 30-50

242
Q

Facial erythema, telangiectasia, papules, and rhinophyma

A

Rosacea

243
Q

What are 3 triggers of rosacea?

A

heat, alcohol, and spicy foods

244
Q

Where is rosacea most common?

A

forehead, cheeks, and nose

245
Q

Txt for rosacea?

A

topical metronidazole

246
Q

Intensely itchy, painful, red streaks between the fingers, that is worse at night

A

Scabies

247
Q

Vesicles and burrows in the webbed spaces of the fingers and toes

A

Scabies

248
Q

What causes scabies?

A

Sarcoptes scabiei hominis

249
Q

Dx for scabies?

A

skin scrape (microscope)

250
Q

Txt for scabies?

A

Topical 5% permethrin cream

Oral ivermectin

251
Q

Flesh colored, grey brown and black papules/plaques with a velvty warty texture, “Stuck on” apperance, barnacles of old age

A

seborrheic keratosis

252
Q

T/F seborrheic keratosis is benign and usually asymptomatic?

A

True

253
Q

Txt for seborrheic keratosis?

A

NO txt (not premalignant)

254
Q

Necrotic wound with central necrosis around a red halo would be seen in what insect bite?

A

Brown recluse spider

255
Q

N/V, HA, fever, syncope and convulsions, muscle spasm would be seen in what insect bite?

A

Black widow spider

256
Q

Txt for brown recluse spider bite?

A

wound care, delayed excision

257
Q

Txt for black widow spider bite?

A

wound care, benzo’s, antivenom- elderly and kids

258
Q

What classifies as Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS)?

A

milder form <10% of body surface

259
Q

What classifies as Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)?

A

severe form >30% of body surface

260
Q

What two classes of drugs cause SJS?

A

Anticonvulsants

sulfa drugs

261
Q

What symptoms are seen in SJS and TENS?

A

+ Nikolyskys sign

red papules and dusky blisted eroded areas, mucous membrane involvement

262
Q

Txt for SJS?

A

Stop all offending meds
Burn unit admin
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)

263
Q

Steroids use to be the TOC for SJS, but now it has a increase risk for what?

A

Sepsis

264
Q

More severe form on SJS?

A

TEN

265
Q

DX for TEN and SJS?

A

biopsy

266
Q

Txt for TEN?

A

burn unit

Cyclosporine

267
Q

Tinea corporis?

A

infection of body surfaces other than feet, groin, face, scalp hair or bread

268
Q

Tinea pedis?

A

infection of feet

269
Q

Tinea cruris?

A

infection of the groin

270
Q

Tinea capitis?

A

infection of scalp hair

271
Q

Tinea unguium?

A

infection of nail

272
Q

What medicine is not effective for dermatophyte infections?

A

Nystatin

273
Q

What is the most common fungal infection in pediatrics?

A

Tinea capitis

274
Q

Drug of choice for Tinea capitis?

A

Oral griseofulvin

275
Q

Txt for Tinea barbae?

A

oral griseofulvin

276
Q

What is the most common dermatophyte causing athlete’s foot?

A

Trichophyton rubrum

277
Q

Txt for Tinea pedis?

A

Topical antifungals- azoles

278
Q

Txt for jock itch?

A

Topical antifungals- azoles

279
Q

What is the most comon cause of Tinea corporis?

A

T. rubrum

280
Q

Txt for tinea corporis?

A

Topical antifungals- azole or terbinafine

281
Q

What organism causes Tinea versicolor?

A

Malassezia furfur

282
Q

Hypo or hyperpigmented macules that do not tan

A

Tinea versicolor

283
Q

Txt for Tinea versicolor?

A

selenium sulfide shampoo 2.5%

284
Q

Dx of Tinea infections?

A

KOH prep

285
Q

Whom should be monitored closely when using oral antifungals?

A

Pt with hepatic disorders

286
Q

When taking griseofulvin pts should avoid ?

A

alcohol- can cause a disulfiram rxn- flushing, HA, N/V, sweating, weakness, vertigo

287
Q

Blanchable, edematous pink papules, wheals or plaques often disappears within 24hrs

A

Urticaria

288
Q

Another name for Hives?

A

Urticaria

289
Q

What is Darier’s sign?

A

localized urticaria appearing where the skin is rubbed

290
Q

What mechanism causes urticaria?

A

release of histamines due to Ig E

291
Q

Dx of urticaria?

A

lab testing not indicated

skin or IgE testing

292
Q

1st line txt for urticaria?

A

2nd gen antihistamine H1 (Fexofenadine, Loratadine, Desloratadine, Cetirizine)

293
Q

If 1st line txt for urticaria doesn’t work whats next?

A

double H1 or add H2 antihistimine (Cimetidine, ranitidine, nizatidine, famotidine)
Corticosteriods

294
Q

Txt of urticaria that might progress to anaphylaxis?

A

EpipEN

295
Q

4-5mm flesh colored, sharply demarcated, rough, round and firm nodules with no skin lines, pinpoint black dots

A

warts (verrucae)

296
Q

T/F Freezing and other destructive modalities do not kill the virus but just destroy the cells that harbor HPV?

A

True

297
Q

Txt for verrucae?

A

most resolve in 2yrs
cryotherapy w/ liquid nitrogen
salicylic acid

298
Q

What is vitiligo?

A

patterned loss of melanin pigment that occurs when immune cells destroy the melanocytes

299
Q

Where does Vitiligo normally occur?

A

around orifices- mouth, eyes, nose, and anus

300
Q

What 3 autoimmune diseases is Vitiligo associated with?

A

Addison’s disease
Hyperthyroidism
Pernicious anemia
DM

301
Q

Dx of vitiligo?

A

wood’s light

302
Q

“Milk white” fluorescence under Wood’s light?

A

Vitiligo

303
Q

Whom is at a 50% risk of having Vitiligo?

A

someone w/ a family hx

304
Q

hypo pigmentation macules

A

Vitiligo

305
Q

Txt for Vitiligo?

A

sunscreen, cosmetic cover up, repigmentation therapy

306
Q

Which dermatitis is assoicated with celiac disease (gluten-intolerance)?

A

dermatitis herpetiformis

307
Q

What is acanthosis nigricans commonly associated with?

A

hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, obesity, endocrine disorders

308
Q

velvety, Hyperpigmented, papillomatous lesions of the neck and axillae

A

acanthosis nigricans

309
Q

Pts with acanthosis nigricans are at risk for what?

A

metabolic syndrome

310
Q

Txt for acanthosis nigricans?

A

weight loss and metformin

311
Q

What is malignant acanthosis nigricans associated with?

A

gastric carcinoma

Family Medicine EOR (15 decks)

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