Enlightenment Ch.17 Flashcards

0
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

The principal author if the Declaration of Independence, a document that reflects john Lockes ideas of governments obligation to protect the people’s natural rights to “life, liberty, and property.”

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1
Q

Salon

A

Informal social gatherings at which writers, artists, philosophers, and others exchanges ideas

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2
Q

Diderot

A

Worked for years to produce a 28-volume set of books called the encyclopedia

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3
Q

George lll

A

Set out to be a king, wanted to end Whig domination, choose his own ministers, dissolve the cabinet system, and make parliament follow his will.

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4
Q

Baroque

A

Ornate style of art and architecture popular in the 1600s and 1700s

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5
Q

Rococo

A

Personal, elegant style of art and architecture made popular during mid-1700s that featured designs with the shapes of leaves, shells, and flowers

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6
Q

Popular sovereignty

A

Basic principle of the American system of government which asserts that the people are the source of any and all governmental power, and government can exist only with the consent of the governed

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7
Q

Montesquieu

A

Studied the governments of Europe, from Italy to England. Published “the spirit of the laws” in which he discussed governments throughout history

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8
Q

Adam smith

A

“The Wealth of Nations” argued that the free market should be allowed to regulate business activity.

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9
Q

George Washington

A

Virginia planter and soldier. Gathered in Philadelphia and met in a continental congress to decide what action to take with others

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10
Q

What is the social contract

A

An agreement in which the people give up their freedom for an organized society ;Book written by Rousseau in which he felt that society placed too many limitations in people’s behavior

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11
Q

What is natural law

A

Rules discoverable by reason, govern scientific forces such as gravity and magnetism

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12
Q

What did Mary wollestonecraft write about

A

In “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman” she called for equal education for girls and boys

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13
Q

Who were the physiocrats

A

French thinkers who focused on economic reforms. Based their thinking on natural laws. Urged a policy of laissez faire and supported free trade and opposed tariffs

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14
Q

Why were the enlightenment writers censored

A

The church wanted to protect against the attacks of the Enlightenment. They felt they had a sacred duty to defend the older order

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15
Q

What was an enlightenment despot

A

Absolute rulers who used their power to bring about political and social change

16
Q

Which enlightenment despot went against his people in disguise

17
Q

Why the battle of Saratoga was a turning point in the American revolution

A

The American victory persuaded France to join the Americans against Britain. The alliance brought the Americans needed supplies, soldiers, and French warships

18
Q

What was the purpose of the Philadelphia convention of 1787

A

Representatives from each colony gathered to decide what action to take after the Boston tea party

19
Q

Thomas hobes

A

In “Leviathon” he argues that people were naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish. Hobes believed that people entered into a social contract in which they gave up their freedom for an organized society

20
Q

Where did checks and balances come from

A

Montesquieu believed that there should be three branches of government and each branch should be able to check the other two with got its name checks and balances

21
Q

Why was Diderots encyclopedia important

A

He changed the general way of thinking. He explained ideas on topics such as government and philosophy. It included articles by leading thinkers of the day

22
Q

What did Adam smith say about supply and demand

A

Wherever there was a demand for goods or services suppliers would seek to meet that demand in order to gain profits.

23
Q

Voltaire

A

“My trade, is to say what I think” he targeted corrupt officials and idle aristocrats

24
John Locke
Thought people were basically reasonable and moral. They had certain natural rights, rights that belonged to all humans from birth
25
Rene Descartes
Emphasized human reasoning as the best road to understanding
26
Voltaire's novel "candide"
The hero of the novel travels across Europe and even to the Americas and the Middle East in search of "the best of all possible world" ; used to avoid censorship
27
What musical style is represented by Mozart, handle, and Haden
Classical
28
How did enlightenment writers avoid censorship
They disguised their ideas in work of fiction. They used satire to make fun of and make a point
29
How did the government and the church justify censorship
They banned and burned books and imprisoned writers. They felt that god had set up the old order.
30
Stamp act
Imposed taxes on items such as newspapers and pamphlets
31
Sugar act
Imposed import taxes
32
Declaratory act
Act that said parliament had complete authority over the colonists
33
Navigation act
Regulate colonial trade and manufacturing
34
How did the federal republic divide power
Three branches, legislative, executive, and judicial. All could check on each other
35
Which enlightenment thinker came up with the separation of powers
Montesquieu