Enlightenment Ch.17

Question 0

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 0

The principal author if the Declaration of Independence, a document that reflects john Lockes ideas of governments obligation to protect the people’s natural rights to “life, liberty, and property.”

Question 1

Salon

Answer 1

Informal social gatherings at which writers, artists, philosophers, and others exchanges ideas

Question 2

Diderot

Answer 2

Worked for years to produce a 28-volume set of books called the encyclopedia

Question 3

George lll

Answer 3

Set out to be a king, wanted to end Whig domination, choose his own ministers, dissolve the cabinet system, and make parliament follow his will.

Question 4

Baroque

Answer 4

Ornate style of art and architecture popular in the 1600s and 1700s

Question 5

Rococo

Answer 5

Personal, elegant style of art and architecture made popular during mid-1700s that featured designs with the shapes of leaves, shells, and flowers

Question 6

Popular sovereignty

Answer 6

Basic principle of the American system of government which asserts that the people are the source of any and all governmental power, and government can exist only with the consent of the governed

Question 7

Montesquieu

Answer 7

Studied the governments of Europe, from Italy to England. Published “the spirit of the laws” in which he discussed governments throughout history

Question 8

Adam smith

Answer 8

“The Wealth of Nations” argued that the free market should be allowed to regulate business activity.

Question 9

George Washington

Answer 9

Virginia planter and soldier. Gathered in Philadelphia and met in a continental congress to decide what action to take with others

Question 10

What is the social contract

Answer 10

An agreement in which the people give up their freedom for an organized society ;Book written by Rousseau in which he felt that society placed too many limitations in people’s behavior

Question 11

What is natural law

Answer 11

Rules discoverable by reason, govern scientific forces such as gravity and magnetism

Question 12

What did Mary wollestonecraft write about

Answer 12

In “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman” she called for equal education for girls and boys

Question 13

Who were the physiocrats

Answer 13

French thinkers who focused on economic reforms. Based their thinking on natural laws. Urged a policy of laissez faire and supported free trade and opposed tariffs

Question 14

Why were the enlightenment writers censored

Answer 14

The church wanted to protect against the attacks of the Enlightenment. They felt they had a sacred duty to defend the older order

Question 15

What was an enlightenment despot

Answer 15

Absolute rulers who used their power to bring about political and social change

Question 16

Which enlightenment despot went against his people in disguise

Answer 16

Joseph ll

Question 17

Why the battle of Saratoga was a turning point in the American revolution

Answer 17

The American victory persuaded France to join the Americans against Britain. The alliance brought the Americans needed supplies, soldiers, and French warships

Question 18

What was the purpose of the Philadelphia convention of 1787

Answer 18

Representatives from each colony gathered to decide what action to take after the Boston tea party

Question 19

Thomas hobes

Answer 19

In “Leviathon” he argues that people were naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish. Hobes believed that people entered into a social contract in which they gave up their freedom for an organized society

Question 20

Where did checks and balances come from

Answer 20

Montesquieu believed that there should be three branches of government and each branch should be able to check the other two with got its name checks and balances

Question 21

Why was Diderots encyclopedia important

Answer 21

He changed the general way of thinking. He explained ideas on topics such as government and philosophy. It included articles by leading thinkers of the day

Question 22

What did Adam smith say about supply and demand

Answer 22

Wherever there was a demand for goods or services suppliers would seek to meet that demand in order to gain profits.

Question 23

Voltaire

Answer 23

“My trade, is to say what I think” he targeted corrupt officials and idle aristocrats

Question 24

John Locke

Answer 24

Thought people were basically reasonable and moral. They had certain natural rights, rights that belonged to all humans from birth

Question 25

Rene Descartes

Answer 25

Emphasized human reasoning as the best road to understanding

Question 26

Voltaire’s novel “candide”

Answer 26

The hero of the novel travels across Europe and even to the Americas and the Middle East in search of “the best of all possible world” ; used to avoid censorship

Question 27

What musical style is represented by Mozart, handle, and Haden

Answer 27

Classical

Question 28

How did enlightenment writers avoid censorship

Answer 28

They disguised their ideas in work of fiction. They used satire to make fun of and make a point

Question 29

How did the government and the church justify censorship

Answer 29

They banned and burned books and imprisoned writers. They felt that god had set up the old order.

Question 30

Stamp act

Answer 30

Imposed taxes on items such as newspapers and pamphlets

Question 31

Sugar act

Answer 31

Imposed import taxes

Question 32

Declaratory act

Answer 32

Act that said parliament had complete authority over the colonists

Question 33

Navigation act

Answer 33

Regulate colonial trade and manufacturing

Question 34

How did the federal republic divide power

Answer 34

Three branches, legislative, executive, and judicial. All could check on each other

Question 35

Which enlightenment thinker came up with the separation of powers

Answer 35

Montesquieu