Ch13

Question 0

Predestination

Answer 0

The idea that god had long ago determined who would gain salvation

Question 1

Johann Gutenberg

Answer 1

Of Mainz, Germany, printed the first complete edition of the bible using a printing press with movable type

Question 2

Theocracy

Answer 2

Government run by church leaders

Question 3

Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 3

Artist, last supper and Mona Lisa, dissected corpses, talents ranged over many areas including botany, anatomy, optics, music, architecture, engineering

Question 4

Sect

Answer 4

Religious groups that had broken away from an established church

Question 5

Isaac Newton

Answer 5

Formed a theory to explain why the planets moved as they did, showed that a single force called GRAVITY keeps the planets in their orbits around the sun

Question 6

Florence

Answer 6

A city in the Tuscany region of northern Italy that was the center of the Italian Renaissance

Question 7

Niccolò Machiavelli

Answer 7

Wrote “the Prince” a guide for rulers on how to gain and maintain power

Question 8

Nicolaus Copernicus

Answer 8

Published “the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres” proposed a sun-centered model of the universe

Question 9

Flanders

Answer 9

A region that included parts of present-day northern France, Belgium, and the Netherlands; was an important industrial and financial center of Northern Europe during the Middle Ages and renaissance

Question 10

How did renaissance artists portray humanism in their artwork?

Answer 10

Portrayed religious themes, often set religious figures such as Mary and Jesus against Classical Greek or roman backgrounds

Question 11

Albrecht dürer

Answer 11

Many of his engravings portrayed religious upheaval, one of the northern Renaissances most powerful themes

Question 12

Who was the Protestant leader of Geneva, Switzerland

Answer 12

John Calvin

Question 13

Terms for the peace of Augsburg

Answer 13

Allowed each prince to decide which religion -catholic or Lutheran- would be followed in his lands

Question 14

Anabaptists

Answer 14

Rejected infant baptism. Argued that infants were too young to understand what it means to accept the Christian faith

Question 15

How did medieval thinkers and humanists differ

Answer 15

Humanists studied the classical culture of Greece and Rome, but used that study to increase their understanding of their own times

Question 16

Sir Thomas More

Answer 16

In “Utopia”, he describes an ideal society in which men and women love in peace and harmony. No one is idle, all are educated, justice is used to end crime rather than to eliminate the criminal

Question 17

Council of Trent

Answer 17

A group of catholic leaders that met between 1545 and 1563 to respond to Protestant challenges and direct the future of the catholic church

Question 18

Francis Bacon, René Descartes

Answer 18

Bacon stressed experimentation and observation Descartes emphasized human reasoning

Question 19

Robert Boyle

Answer 19

English chemist who refined the alchemists’ view of chemicals as basic building blocks. Explained all matter as being composed of tiny particles that behave in knowable ways

Question 20

Renaissance

Answer 20

Meaning “rebirth”

Question 21

Petrarch

Answer 21

Humanist, poet, and scholar. He assembled a library of Greek and roman manuscripts in monasteries and churches

Question 22

Who painted the last supper and Mona Lisa?

Answer 22

Leonardo

Question 23

How did Baldassare Castiglione describe the ideal woman

Answer 23

Offers balance to men, she is graceful and kind, lively but reserved. She’s beautiful

Question 24

Who perfected the microscope?

Answer 24

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 25

Kepler

Answer 25

Brahes assistant, used Brahe’s data to calculate the orbits of the planets revolving around the sun

Question 26

Tycho Brahe

Answer 26

Provided evidence that supported Copernicus’s theory of a heliocentric universe

Question 27

What caused the formation to the Church of England

Answer 27

King Henry ordered the churches closed. He then took their land and secured support for the Anglican Church, or the Church of England

Question 28

Main goal of the Jesuits

Answer 28

Defend and spread the catholic faith worldwide. Strict religious training, moral discipline, absolute obedience to the church

Question 29

What caused people to persecute others as witches

Answer 29

Accused of being agents of the devil. People’s twin beliefs in Christianity and magic. People believed that witches who were working with the devil were anti-Christian

Question 30

Scientific method

Answer 30

1. State problem
   2.gather info
2. Form hypothesis
3. Experiment to test hypothesis
4. Collect data
5. Draw conclusions
6. Share date
   Repeat

Question 31

Who called architecture “social art”

Answer 31

Leon Alberti

Question 32

How did Martin Luther react to peasant uprisings

Answer 32

He strongly favored social order and respect for political authority. As the peasants revolt grew more violent, Luther denounced it

Question 33

What happened in the catholic reformation

Answer 33

Council of Trent, majority of Europeans remained catholic, charity flourished and church abuses were reduced

Question 34

Where did the baptists, Mennonites, and amish trace their religious ancestry to?

Answer 34

The Anabaptists