Ch13 Flashcards
Predestination
The idea that god had long ago determined who would gain salvation
Johann Gutenberg
Of Mainz, Germany, printed the first complete edition of the bible using a printing press with movable type
Theocracy
Government run by church leaders
Leonardo da Vinci
Artist, last supper and Mona Lisa, dissected corpses, talents ranged over many areas including botany, anatomy, optics, music, architecture, engineering
Sect
Religious groups that had broken away from an established church
Isaac Newton
Formed a theory to explain why the planets moved as they did, showed that a single force called GRAVITY keeps the planets in their orbits around the sun
Florence
A city in the Tuscany region of northern Italy that was the center of the Italian Renaissance
Niccolò Machiavelli
Wrote “the Prince” a guide for rulers on how to gain and maintain power
Nicolaus Copernicus
Published “the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres” proposed a sun-centered model of the universe
Flanders
A region that included parts of present-day northern France, Belgium, and the Netherlands; was an important industrial and financial center of Northern Europe during the Middle Ages and renaissance
How did renaissance artists portray humanism in their artwork?
Portrayed religious themes, often set religious figures such as Mary and Jesus against Classical Greek or roman backgrounds
Albrecht dürer
Many of his engravings portrayed religious upheaval, one of the northern Renaissances most powerful themes
Who was the Protestant leader of Geneva, Switzerland
John Calvin
Terms for the peace of Augsburg
Allowed each prince to decide which religion -catholic or Lutheran- would be followed in his lands
Anabaptists
Rejected infant baptism. Argued that infants were too young to understand what it means to accept the Christian faith
How did medieval thinkers and humanists differ
Humanists studied the classical culture of Greece and Rome, but used that study to increase their understanding of their own times
Sir Thomas More
In “Utopia”, he describes an ideal society in which men and women love in peace and harmony. No one is idle, all are educated, justice is used to end crime rather than to eliminate the criminal
Council of Trent
A group of catholic leaders that met between 1545 and 1563 to respond to Protestant challenges and direct the future of the catholic church
Francis Bacon, René Descartes
Bacon stressed experimentation and observation Descartes emphasized human reasoning
Robert Boyle
English chemist who refined the alchemists’ view of chemicals as basic building blocks. Explained all matter as being composed of tiny particles that behave in knowable ways
Renaissance
Meaning “rebirth”
Petrarch
Humanist, poet, and scholar. He assembled a library of Greek and roman manuscripts in monasteries and churches
Who painted the last supper and Mona Lisa?
Leonardo
How did Baldassare Castiglione describe the ideal woman
Offers balance to men, she is graceful and kind, lively but reserved. She’s beautiful
Who perfected the microscope?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Kepler
Brahes assistant, used Brahe’s data to calculate the orbits of the planets revolving around the sun
Tycho Brahe
Provided evidence that supported Copernicus’s theory of a heliocentric universe
What caused the formation to the Church of England
King Henry ordered the churches closed. He then took their land and secured support for the Anglican Church, or the Church of England
Main goal of the Jesuits
Defend and spread the catholic faith worldwide. Strict religious training, moral discipline, absolute obedience to the church
What caused people to persecute others as witches
Accused of being agents of the devil. People’s twin beliefs in Christianity and magic. People believed that witches who were working with the devil were anti-Christian
Scientific method
- State problem
2.gather info - Form hypothesis
- Experiment to test hypothesis
- Collect data
- Draw conclusions
- Share date
Repeat
Who called architecture “social art”
Leon Alberti
How did Martin Luther react to peasant uprisings
He strongly favored social order and respect for political authority. As the peasants revolt grew more violent, Luther denounced it
What happened in the catholic reformation
Council of Trent, majority of Europeans remained catholic, charity flourished and church abuses were reduced
Where did the baptists, Mennonites, and amish trace their religious ancestry to?
The Anabaptists
