Ch 18 Test Flashcards
Napoleanic code
Embodied enlightenment principles such as the equality of all citizens, religious toleration, and the abolition of feudalism
Robespierre
Lawyer and politician, wanted to abolish slavery and promoted religious toleration
Marquis de Lafayette
“Hero of two worlds” fought alongside George Washington in the American revolution
Continental system
Closed European ports to British goods
Ancien régime
Old order
Bourgeoisie
The middle class
Guerrilla warfare
Hit-and-run raids
Guillotine
Device used during the reign of terror to execute thousands by beheading
Olympe de gouges
Female journalist who demanded equal rights for women
Plebiscite
Popular vote by ballot
What estates make up the estates general
Representatives of the three estates
Jacques Neckar, and Louis 16
A financial expert and advisor. Urged Louis 16 to reduce court spending and was dismissed after he proposed taxing the first and second estates
What resulted from the estates general
Tension between the estates, third estate takes the Tennis Court Oath
Declaration of the rights of man and the citizen
All men were born and remain free and equal in rights. They enjoy natural rights to liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression
National Assembly
Representatives from the third estate
What kind of government was the national convention
Republic
Reign of terror
1793-1794 suspected persons would be executed often by the guillotine
Directory phase of the revolution
A period of reaction against extremism
Jacobins
A revolutionary political club, mostly middle-class lawyers or intellectuals
Girondins
In the National Assembly and wanted to end monarchy
Republic of virtue
Robespierre believed France could achieve a “republic of virtue” only through the use of terror, “criminals lose their heads”
What countries did Napoleon conquer
Most of northern Italy, forced Spain to return Louisiana territory
What battle tactics did the Russians use to defeat Napoleon
The retreated east and burned villages. Scorched earth policy left French hungry and cold. Russian winter
Congress of Vienna
Assembly of European leaders that met after the napoleonic era to piece Europe back together
Principal of legitamicy
Principal by which monarchies that had been unseated by the French Revolution or Napoleon were restored
Tennis court oath
Delegates from third estate gathered on tennis court and swore “never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until we have established a sound and just constitution”
Why did the women march on Versailles
They wanted the king to return to Paris
Declaration of pilnitz
King of Prussian and emperor of Austria issued the document in which the two monarchs threatened to intervene to protect the French monarchy.
Who granted all male citizens the right to vote in 1790
National Assembly put the church under state control
What did Robespierre think is the only way to achieve republic of virtue
Through the use of terror
Under what authority did the reign of terror work
Robespierre committee of public safety
Consulate under Napoleon
Overthrew the weak directory and set up a three-man governing board known as the consulate
Where was Napoleon defeated
Waterloo, Belgium
Goals of the congress of Vienna
They wanted to restore stability and order in Europe after years of war
